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Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5 PDF Download

Measurements

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

  • If we consider metre, litre, and gram as units of measurement, the higher units are obtained by adding the prefixes deca (meaning ten), hecto (meaning hundred) and kilo (meaning thousand).
  • The lower units are obtained by adding the prefixes deci (meaning tenth), centi (meaning hundredth), milli (meaning thousandth)
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Measures of length

  • Length is the longest extent of anything as measured from end to end.
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5
  • In the above example length is
  • used to measure how long the line is.
    • 10 millimetres (mm) = 1 centimetre
    • 10 centimetres (cm) = 1 decimetre
    • 10 decimetres (dm) = 1 metre
    • 10 metres (m) = 1 decametre
    • 10 decametres (dam) = 1 hectometre
    • 10 hectometres (hm) = 1 kilometre (km)

Measures of mass

  • Mass is the measure of amount of matter in an object.
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5
  • 10 milligrams (mg) = 1 centigram
  • 10 centigrams (cg) = 1 decigram
  • 10 decigrams (dg) = 1 gram
  • 10 grams (g) = 1 decagram
  • 10 decagrams (dag) = 1 hectogram
  • 10 hectograms (hg) = 1 kilogram (kg)

Measures of capacity
Capacity is the amount a container can hold

  • 10 millilitres (ml) = 1 centilitre
  • 10 centilitres (cl) = 1 decilitre
  • 10 decilitres (dl) = 1 litre
  • 10 litres (l) = 1 decalitre
  • 10 decalitres (dal) = 1 hectolitre
  • 10 hectolitres (hl) = 1 kilolitre (kl)
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Question for Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers
Try yourself:
What is the equivalent of 500 millilitres in litres?
View Solution
 

Measures of volume
Volume is the measure of the space taken up by something.

  • 1000 cubic millimetres (mm3) = 1 cubic centimetre
  • 1000 cubic centimetres (cm3) = 1 cubic decimetre
  • 1000 cubic decimetres (dm3) = 1 cubic metre
  • 1000 cubic metres (m3) = 1 cubic decametre
  • 1000 cubic decametres (dam3) = 1 cubic hectometre
  • 1000 cubic hectometres (hm3) = 1 cubic kilometre (km3)
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5


Volume = Length (m) X Breadth (m) X Height (m)
Unit of volume is cubic length, i.e., cubic metre (m3), cubic centimetre (cm3), etc 

Example 1: Express 1357.912 metres in higher units and lower units.

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

1357.912 metre
= 135.7912 decametres
= 13.57912 hectometres
= 1.357912 kilometres
= 13579.12 decimetres
= 135791.2 centimetres
= 1357912 millimetres

Note: Capacity and Volume are different. For example. the capacity of a cylinder is 33 litres while its volume is πR2H (R = radius, H = Height of the cylinder). That is. the amount of gas inside the cylinder is 33 litres but the volume occupied by the Cylinder is πR2H.

Example 2: Express 2 g 3 dg 4cg 5mg in terms of milligrams.

2g = 2000mg
3dg = 300mg
4cg = 40mg
2g 3dg 4cd 5mg = (2000 + 300 + 40 + 5) mg =2345mg

Measurements: Addition

  • Add the numbers in each position, if a carry is generated then add the carry with the digits in the next position.

Example 1: Add 2l 3dl 4cl 5ml & 6l 6dl 7cl 8ml

2l 3dl 4cl 5ml + 6l 6dl 7cl 8ml 9l 0dl 2cl 3ml [Ans]

Example 2: Express the above result in terms of ml.

2345ml + 6678ml 9023ml

Note: We cannot add or subtract two different quantities. For example, length (metre) cannot be added with mass (g), mass (g) cannot be added with volume (m3), and volume (m3) cannot be added with length (m) 

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

  • Subtract the number in each position, if a borrow is taken then add it to the next position where subtraction will take place.

Example 1: Subtract 3m3 4dm3 1cm5mm3 from 4m3 3dm3 2cm3 1mm3 .

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Example 2: Express the above in mm3 and write the result.

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Measurements: Multiplication and Division

  • When a quantity is multiplied by a number, we are actually adding the same quantity a repeated number of times.
    For example,
    When 15kg is multiplied
    by 3, we are actually adding
    the amount 15kg three times.
  • When a quantity is divided by a number, we are actually splitting the quantity.
    For example,
    6 litres of oil is
    to be divided into
    3 separate containers.
    Here, we are dividing 6 by 3.
    which is equal to 2. Thus, each
    container would contain 2 litres of oil.
  • Two different quantities can be multiplied or divided. When we do so, we get a new quantity.
    For example,
    consider two quantities
    mass (kg) and volume (m3).
    When we divide these two, we
    Kg/m3 get Kg/mis the unit of another quantity called density.

Example 1: Divide 5kg 3m3 by 5m

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5= 1 kg 3m2

Temperature

  • Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of a substance. A thermometer is an instrument which is used to measure temperature.

Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Hot and cold
  • Temperature is measured in three scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
    Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5
  • Celsius a measurementof temperature on a standard in which 0° is the temperature at which water freezes, and 100° the temperature at which it boils.
    Celsius scale is also
    known as centigrade scale.

Fahrenheit Scale: A temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5

Question for Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers
Try yourself:
What is the relationship between the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales?
View Solution

Kelvin Scale: A temperature scale that defines absolute zero as 0 degrees. Water freezes at 273 degrees and boils at 373 degrees at this temperature. All objects emit thermal energy or heat unless they have a temperature of absolute zero.

Example 1: Convert 123 degrees Fahrenheit into Celsius and Kelvin.

Celsius = (F-32) x 5/9 = (123-32) x 5/9 =  50.55 degree Celsius Kelvin = Celsius + 273 = 50.55 + 273 = 323.55 K

Example 2: Convert 45 Celsius into Fahrenheit and kelvin.

Fahrenheit = (Celsius x 9/5) + 32 = (45 x 9/5) + 32 = 113 degrees Fahrenheit Kelvin = Celsius + Fahrenheit = 45+273 = 318 K

The document Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers | Mathematics for Class 5 is a part of the Class 5 Course Mathematics for Class 5.
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FAQs on Basic Formulas: Operation on Large Numbers - Mathematics for Class 5

1. How can large numbers be added using basic formulas?
Ans. Large numbers can be added using basic formulas by adding the digits in each place value column from right to left, carrying over any excess to the next column.
2. What is the process for subtracting large numbers using basic formulas?
Ans. To subtract large numbers using basic formulas, subtract the digits in each place value column from right to left, borrowing from the next higher place value column if necessary.
3. Can you explain how multiplication of large numbers is done using basic formulas?
Ans. Multiplication of large numbers using basic formulas involves multiplying the digits in each place value column, starting from the rightmost column, and then adding the products together to get the final result.
4. How do you divide large numbers using basic formulas?
Ans. Division of large numbers using basic formulas is done by dividing the digits in each place value column from left to right, carrying over any remainder to the next column if necessary.
5. What are some tips for effectively performing operations on large numbers using basic formulas?
Ans. Some tips for effectively performing operations on large numbers using basic formulas include lining up the numbers properly, carrying out the operations systematically, and double-checking the calculations to avoid errors.
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