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FAQs on Beta- Decay Stability - Nuclear and Particle Physics for GATE - GATE Physics
| 1. What is beta decay? |  |
Ans. Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle, either an electron or a positron, is emitted from the nucleus of an atom. It occurs when there is an excess of neutrons or protons in the nucleus, causing it to become unstable and undergo decay.
| 2. How does beta decay affect the stability of an atom? | |
Ans. Beta decay plays a crucial role in determining the stability of an atom. By emitting a beta particle, an unstable nucleus can transform into a more stable configuration. This process helps to balance the number of protons and neutrons, reducing the excess energy or mass within the nucleus and making the atom more stable.
| 3. What are the different types of beta decay? | |
Ans. There are three types of beta decay: beta-minus decay, beta-plus decay, and electron capture. In beta-minus decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, and an electron and an antineutrino are emitted. In beta-plus decay, a proton is converted into a neutron, and a positron and a neutrino are emitted. Electron capture occurs when an electron from the inner shell of the atom is captured by the nucleus, resulting in the emission of a neutrino.
| 4. How is the stability of an atom determined in beta decay? | |
Ans. The stability of an atom in beta decay is determined by the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus. If this ratio is too high or too low, the nucleus becomes unstable and undergoes beta decay to achieve a more balanced configuration. The stability can be further influenced by other factors such as the energy levels of the nucleus and the presence of other particles.
| 5. Can beta decay be used for practical applications? | |
Ans. Yes, beta decay has several practical applications. It is commonly used in medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), where positrons emitted during beta-plus decay are detected to create detailed images of the internal organs. Beta decay is also utilized in nuclear power generation, as the energy released during decay can be harnessed to produce electricity. Additionally, beta emitters are used in industrial processes, such as thickness measurement and quality control of materials.
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