CAT PYQ 2019: Reading Comprehension - 3 | Topic-wise Past Year Questions for CAT PDF Download

"The city is the most environmentally benign form of human settlement. Each city dweller consumes less land, less energy, less water, and produces less pollution than his counterpart in settlements  of lower densities.” 

Calthrope's major contention is that cites are eco-friendly as they consume less resources than people living in places that have lower population densities. 

Options B,C,D does not directly contradict Calthrope's statement. Hence , they cannot be the reason why the statement that jars with most people. 

Option A is directly opposed to Calthrope's viewpoints. Hence, this option is most likely to jar with most people. Option A i the correct answer.

The author gives the example of Manaus to show how an entire community of people whose major job was deforestation of the jungle have now been able to prosper by making things such as mobile phones and televisions. 
Option A is the correct answer. It is the major reason for the author giving out the example of Manaus. 
Options D is incorrect and is not mentioned in the passage. 
Option B and C are the pros of being in a squatter city, but it is not the reason why the author gives the example of Manaus. Option A is the correct answer. 

Option A would help keep squatter cities environment friendly, as recycling material would reduce the amount of non-biodegradable materials present in the environment. 
Option B would also help squatter cities be more environment friendly by reducing pollution. 
Option D would also help squatter cities be more environment friendly as sorting garbage and treating them would go a long way in preventing soil and water pollution. 
Option C is incorrect. This is because, keeping the streets clean would mean that the wastes are somewhere in dumped in the environment near the local community. 
Hence, option C cannot be inferred from the passage and is the correct answer. 

The rapid spread of diseases in the slum would only affect the people in the slums and not the greenness of the cities. Hence it is incorrect. 
Option C is incorrect as the incidence of crime in the West would not impact the greenness of the cities. Increasing cost of utilities , in the same way would not affect the flora of the cities. 
An increase in carbon-di-oxide and global warming, however, would contribute greatly to the change in climate. A change in climate would adversely affect the greenery in the cities. Hence, this would greatly undermine the author's stand that cities are indeed green.

From the sentence, "One hundred thousand people who would otherwise be deforesting the jungle around Manaus are now prospering in town making such things as mobile phones and televisions" given in the passage, option A can be inferred. 
"But if they are overall a net good for those who move there, it is because cities offer more than just jobs. They are transformative" From this line, option B can be inferred. 
The entire second paragraph of the passage mentions how multiple people have got jobs in squatter cities. Hence, option C can be inferred. 
Option D is not a reason for cities being a good place to live in. Hence, this option cannot be inferred and is the correct answer. 

"They want to make this material accessible so people will browse it and be filled with wonder by it," he says. "But at its core, it's all about advertisements and 
driving traffic." Watrall says these images belong on the site of a museum or educational institution, where there is serious scholarship and a very different mission". 
From the above mentioned lines it can be reasonably inferred that Dr. Watrall is not critical if the digitally scanned images are on official museum websites and archaeological sites. 
Watrall's objections do not touch upon the ownership of the copyright of the scanned images. His objections are mainly about the uneasy relationship between Cyark and Google, and the profit based motive of Google. Hence, option D is incorrect. 
Option C mentions the case when CyArk uploads the scanned images on museum sites only. This would invalidate the arguments made by Dr.Watrall. 
Option A is incorrect as Dr. Watrall considers the venture as a medium to promote Google itself. Just taking down advertisements would not invalidate the professor's claim. 
Option B is incorrect as a ban in certain locations would certainly not prevent promotion of and commercialization by Google. The same reason can be attributed to option D. CyArk not owning the copyright of the archaeological sites would not prevent using it for commercial purposes. 
Hence, option C is the correct answer. 

From the lines, " [There's] another issue for some archaeologists and art historians. CyArk owns the copyrights of the scans — not the countries where these sites are located. That means the countries need CyArk's permission to use these images for commercial purposes", it can be seen that critics view the Google-CyArk project as one that appropriates the copyrights of the digital scans in such a way even the countries in which the sites are located need CyArk's permission to use the images. 
Option A, D , B are not mentioned anywhere in the passage. 
Option C is describes perfectly why the critics of the Google-CyArk project term it as digital colonialism and hence it is the correct answer. 

The option that would not help a company that digitally scans cultural sites would be the given answer. 
Option A is incorrect as preserving images of sites in case they are damaged would be one of the foremost arguments made by these companies. 
Option B and C would surely help the cause of companies that scan cultural sites. Hence,they are incorrect. 
Option D is the correct answer. A company that digitally scans cultural sites would not give the reason of being able to project itself as a protector of culture as a reason to scan the cultural sites. This is a self centered goal such a company and hence is the least likely of the arguments that would be used in this case. 
Hence, option D is the correct answer. 

From the passage, it can be inferred that Dr. Watrall is not comfortable with the arrangement between Cyark and Google. He is of the opinion that though the material is promoted as a means for people to view the artifacts, the ulterior motive is for advertisements and commercial purposes. 
Option A is incorrect. The professor is uneasy about the arrangement between a non-profit organisation and a commercial organisation, whose values are, in reality, different from what they portray. 
Option B is incorrect. The professor is not in dismissive of laypeople's access to specialist images and such information is not given in the passage. 
Option D is incorrect. The professor is only dismissive of the commercial agreement between two organisations that portray themselves to be involved in non-profit work. He is not against the use of digital technology in archaeological and cultural sites in developing countries. 
Option C is correct and it correctly represents the views of professor Dr. Watrall. 

After reading the lines, "Erin Thompson, a professor of art crime at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City, says it's the latest example of a Western nation appropriating a foreign culture, a centuries-long battle." it can be inferred that professor accuses CyArk of appropriating a foreign culture. 
The only option present that is an example of a western nation appropriating a foreign culture would be the seizing of ancient Egyptian artefacts by a Western museum. Hence, option B is the correct answer.