CLAT PG 2021 Question Paper with Answer Key | CLAT PG Mock Test Series 2025 PDF Download

 Page 1


     
      
 
    
 
  
  
July 23, 2021 
 
NOTIFICATION FOR INVITING OBJECTIONS 
 
? Candidates who appeared in CLAT-2021 for UG and PG Programmes on July 23, 2021 
may file their objections, if any, on Consortium website. The portal for objection(s) will 
open at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021 and close at 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021. 
? After 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021 the link will be de-activated. No Objection(s) will be 
entertained thereafter.  
? Objection(s) received over email or phone calls will not be entertained. 
? A fee of Rs. 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) is to be paid for each objection and if the 
objection turns out to be valid, the said fee will be refunded/remitted to the same account 
from which it was paid. No requests of depositing it in any other account will be 
entertained.  
? Objection(s) without the prescribed fee will not be entertained.  
Important Note on Raising Objection(s): 
(a) Master Question Booklet and Master Answer Key will be uploaded on the Consortium 
website at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021; 
(b) Students shall tally the Question Number from their own Question Booklet (Note: there 
are four different series of Question Booklets) with the Master Question Booklet and raise 
Objection only on appropriate Question Number(s) from Master Question Booklet.  
(c) If Candidates raise Objections on their own Question Booklet and the Question Number 
does not match with the Master Question Booklet, CLAT Office will not respond to such 
objection(s).  
Process of Raising Objection(s):  
1)  Login to you CLAT account and click on Submit Objections. 
2)  Click on Submit Object button.  
3)  Select the type of objection (1) About the question or (2) About the answer key.  
4)   Enter objection details and click on Submit Objection.  
5)  Once all your objections are submitted, click on the Make Payment button to make 
payment. There is a fee of INR 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) per objection. 
 
Sd/-  
Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar, 
Convenor, CLAT-2021 
 
CLAT	PG	2021	Question	Paper	with	Answer	Key
Page 2


     
      
 
    
 
  
  
July 23, 2021 
 
NOTIFICATION FOR INVITING OBJECTIONS 
 
? Candidates who appeared in CLAT-2021 for UG and PG Programmes on July 23, 2021 
may file their objections, if any, on Consortium website. The portal for objection(s) will 
open at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021 and close at 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021. 
? After 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021 the link will be de-activated. No Objection(s) will be 
entertained thereafter.  
? Objection(s) received over email or phone calls will not be entertained. 
? A fee of Rs. 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) is to be paid for each objection and if the 
objection turns out to be valid, the said fee will be refunded/remitted to the same account 
from which it was paid. No requests of depositing it in any other account will be 
entertained.  
? Objection(s) without the prescribed fee will not be entertained.  
Important Note on Raising Objection(s): 
(a) Master Question Booklet and Master Answer Key will be uploaded on the Consortium 
website at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021; 
(b) Students shall tally the Question Number from their own Question Booklet (Note: there 
are four different series of Question Booklets) with the Master Question Booklet and raise 
Objection only on appropriate Question Number(s) from Master Question Booklet.  
(c) If Candidates raise Objections on their own Question Booklet and the Question Number 
does not match with the Master Question Booklet, CLAT Office will not respond to such 
objection(s).  
Process of Raising Objection(s):  
1)  Login to you CLAT account and click on Submit Objections. 
2)  Click on Submit Object button.  
3)  Select the type of objection (1) About the question or (2) About the answer key.  
4)   Enter objection details and click on Submit Objection.  
5)  Once all your objections are submitted, click on the Make Payment button to make 
payment. There is a fee of INR 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) per objection. 
 
Sd/-  
Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar, 
Convenor, CLAT-2021 
 
CLAT	PG	2021	Question	Paper	with	Answer	Key
Page 1 of 30 
 
COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST-2021 (PG) 
 
 
In jurisprudence, distinction between theoretical and practical aspects of law is the basis of an 
independent science of law, the purpose of which is not to subserve practical ends but to serve 
pure knowledge, which is concerned with facts but not with words. At the present time, the 
juristic science is an exclusively a practical science of law and adequate methods have been 
evolved for the application of law by the judges. The result of this situation is that its teaching 
on the subject of law and legal relations, subject matter and method, can be given only by the 
practical science of law. It aims to supply the judge with legal propositions, formulated in the 
most general terms possible, in order that the greatest possible number of decisions might be 
derived from them. It teaches the judge how to apply the general propositions to the specific 
cases. However, the human thinking is necessarily dominated by the underlying purpose and 
the thinking of the jurist is conditioned by the practical purposes pursued by juristic science. 
The jurist does not mean by law that which lives and is operative in human society as law, but 
law exclusively important in the administration of justice as a rule according to which the 
judges must decide the legal disputes. However, juristic science as a whole proceeds by 
abstractions and deductions but sometimes loses contact with reality. The rule of human 
conduct and the rule according to which the judges decide legal disputes may be distinct; a 
layman does not always act according to the rules which the judges apply for the judicial 
decisions as the rules to guide human conduct. However, the scientific view has given way to 
the practical view, adapted to the requirements of the judicial officials according to which they 
must proceed, but they arrive at this view by a jump in their personal thinking. They mean that 
the rules according to which courts decide are the rules according to which men ought to 
regulate their conduct. In this respect it is altogether different from true science. It is true that 
that judicial decisions influence the conduct of men, but we must first of all inquire to what 
extent this is true and upon what circumstances it depends. 
1. The purpose of the ‘science of law’ is to achieve 
(A) Practical aspects for human conduct. 
(B) Idealistic judicial abstractions. 
(C) Pure knowledge based on reality. 
(D) Judicial purpose. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
2. The prevailing method of the practical science of law is the method which is ______  
(A) Employed by judges for application of law. 
(B) Indicated in law books. 
(C) Abstraction of social mind. 
(D) Legal optimism. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
3. The judicial thinking is prominently guided by  
(A) Underlying principles of judicial morality. 
(B) Principles of professional ethics. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Classical theories of justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
 
Page 3


     
      
 
    
 
  
  
July 23, 2021 
 
NOTIFICATION FOR INVITING OBJECTIONS 
 
? Candidates who appeared in CLAT-2021 for UG and PG Programmes on July 23, 2021 
may file their objections, if any, on Consortium website. The portal for objection(s) will 
open at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021 and close at 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021. 
? After 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021 the link will be de-activated. No Objection(s) will be 
entertained thereafter.  
? Objection(s) received over email or phone calls will not be entertained. 
? A fee of Rs. 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) is to be paid for each objection and if the 
objection turns out to be valid, the said fee will be refunded/remitted to the same account 
from which it was paid. No requests of depositing it in any other account will be 
entertained.  
? Objection(s) without the prescribed fee will not be entertained.  
Important Note on Raising Objection(s): 
(a) Master Question Booklet and Master Answer Key will be uploaded on the Consortium 
website at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021; 
(b) Students shall tally the Question Number from their own Question Booklet (Note: there 
are four different series of Question Booklets) with the Master Question Booklet and raise 
Objection only on appropriate Question Number(s) from Master Question Booklet.  
(c) If Candidates raise Objections on their own Question Booklet and the Question Number 
does not match with the Master Question Booklet, CLAT Office will not respond to such 
objection(s).  
Process of Raising Objection(s):  
1)  Login to you CLAT account and click on Submit Objections. 
2)  Click on Submit Object button.  
3)  Select the type of objection (1) About the question or (2) About the answer key.  
4)   Enter objection details and click on Submit Objection.  
5)  Once all your objections are submitted, click on the Make Payment button to make 
payment. There is a fee of INR 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) per objection. 
 
Sd/-  
Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar, 
Convenor, CLAT-2021 
 
CLAT	PG	2021	Question	Paper	with	Answer	Key
Page 1 of 30 
 
COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST-2021 (PG) 
 
 
In jurisprudence, distinction between theoretical and practical aspects of law is the basis of an 
independent science of law, the purpose of which is not to subserve practical ends but to serve 
pure knowledge, which is concerned with facts but not with words. At the present time, the 
juristic science is an exclusively a practical science of law and adequate methods have been 
evolved for the application of law by the judges. The result of this situation is that its teaching 
on the subject of law and legal relations, subject matter and method, can be given only by the 
practical science of law. It aims to supply the judge with legal propositions, formulated in the 
most general terms possible, in order that the greatest possible number of decisions might be 
derived from them. It teaches the judge how to apply the general propositions to the specific 
cases. However, the human thinking is necessarily dominated by the underlying purpose and 
the thinking of the jurist is conditioned by the practical purposes pursued by juristic science. 
The jurist does not mean by law that which lives and is operative in human society as law, but 
law exclusively important in the administration of justice as a rule according to which the 
judges must decide the legal disputes. However, juristic science as a whole proceeds by 
abstractions and deductions but sometimes loses contact with reality. The rule of human 
conduct and the rule according to which the judges decide legal disputes may be distinct; a 
layman does not always act according to the rules which the judges apply for the judicial 
decisions as the rules to guide human conduct. However, the scientific view has given way to 
the practical view, adapted to the requirements of the judicial officials according to which they 
must proceed, but they arrive at this view by a jump in their personal thinking. They mean that 
the rules according to which courts decide are the rules according to which men ought to 
regulate their conduct. In this respect it is altogether different from true science. It is true that 
that judicial decisions influence the conduct of men, but we must first of all inquire to what 
extent this is true and upon what circumstances it depends. 
1. The purpose of the ‘science of law’ is to achieve 
(A) Practical aspects for human conduct. 
(B) Idealistic judicial abstractions. 
(C) Pure knowledge based on reality. 
(D) Judicial purpose. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
2. The prevailing method of the practical science of law is the method which is ______  
(A) Employed by judges for application of law. 
(B) Indicated in law books. 
(C) Abstraction of social mind. 
(D) Legal optimism. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
3. The judicial thinking is prominently guided by  
(A) Underlying principles of judicial morality. 
(B) Principles of professional ethics. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Classical theories of justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
 
Page 2 of 30 
 
4. The present juristic science is losing scientific temperament, because the_____ 
Which of the following is the most appropriate answer?  
(A) Judges are not professionally trained. 
(B) Judicial abstractions and deductions are different from reality. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Notions for the judicial decisions are inferred from the decision of foreign courts. 
CORRECT OPTION: B 
5. The legal propositions are generally based on ______ 
(A) Generalised possibility. 
(B) Exclusivity. 
(C) Social interest. 
(D) Political interest. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
6. The judicial expectation from a layman is that 
(A) The conduct of man ought to be humane. 
(B) The conduct of man ought to be prudent. 
(C) The conduct of man be based on rules decided by courts. 
(D) The conduct of man be based on moral and ethical parameters. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
Human liberty is a precious constitutional value; it is as tenuous as tenuous can be. Liberty 
survives by the vigilance of her citizens, on the cacophony of the media and in the dusty 
corridors of courts alive to the rule of (and not by) law. The doors of the court cannot be closed 
to a citizen who is able to establish prima facie that the instrumentality of the State is being 
weaponized for using the force of criminal law to the detriment of human liberty. The basic 
entitlement of every citizen who is faced with allegations of criminal wrongdoing, is that the 
investigative process should be fair. This is an integral component of the guarantee against 
arbitrariness under Article 14 and of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. The 
Supreme Court considered the given principle in Arnab Manoranjan Goswami v. State of 
Maharashtra, [AIR 2021 SC 1], which binds that the courts must be alive to the need to 
safeguard the public interest while ensuring that the due enforcement of criminal law is not 
obstructed. The fair investigation of crime is an aid to it. Equally it is the duty of courts across 
the spectrum-the district judiciary, the High Courts and the Supreme Court to ensure that the 
criminal law does not become a weapon for the selective harassment of citizens. The inherent 
power of the High Court must be construed as an aid to preserve the constitutional value of 
liberty. The writ of liberty runs through the fabric of the Constitution. The need to ensure fair 
investigation of crime is undoubtedly important in itself, because it protects at one level, the 
rights of the victim and, at a more fundamental level, the societal interest in ensuring that crime 
is investigated and dealt in accordance with law. On the other hand, the misuse of the criminal 
law is a matter of which the courts in this country must be alive. 
7. Which of the following statements regarding human liberty is untrue? 
(A) Liberty is a precious constitutional right. 
(B) Liberty is a limited fundamental right. 
(C) Liberty is a fragile concept. 
(D) Liberty is an infrangible concept. 
CORRECT OPTION: D 
 
Page 4


     
      
 
    
 
  
  
July 23, 2021 
 
NOTIFICATION FOR INVITING OBJECTIONS 
 
? Candidates who appeared in CLAT-2021 for UG and PG Programmes on July 23, 2021 
may file their objections, if any, on Consortium website. The portal for objection(s) will 
open at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021 and close at 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021. 
? After 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021 the link will be de-activated. No Objection(s) will be 
entertained thereafter.  
? Objection(s) received over email or phone calls will not be entertained. 
? A fee of Rs. 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) is to be paid for each objection and if the 
objection turns out to be valid, the said fee will be refunded/remitted to the same account 
from which it was paid. No requests of depositing it in any other account will be 
entertained.  
? Objection(s) without the prescribed fee will not be entertained.  
Important Note on Raising Objection(s): 
(a) Master Question Booklet and Master Answer Key will be uploaded on the Consortium 
website at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021; 
(b) Students shall tally the Question Number from their own Question Booklet (Note: there 
are four different series of Question Booklets) with the Master Question Booklet and raise 
Objection only on appropriate Question Number(s) from Master Question Booklet.  
(c) If Candidates raise Objections on their own Question Booklet and the Question Number 
does not match with the Master Question Booklet, CLAT Office will not respond to such 
objection(s).  
Process of Raising Objection(s):  
1)  Login to you CLAT account and click on Submit Objections. 
2)  Click on Submit Object button.  
3)  Select the type of objection (1) About the question or (2) About the answer key.  
4)   Enter objection details and click on Submit Objection.  
5)  Once all your objections are submitted, click on the Make Payment button to make 
payment. There is a fee of INR 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) per objection. 
 
Sd/-  
Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar, 
Convenor, CLAT-2021 
 
CLAT	PG	2021	Question	Paper	with	Answer	Key
Page 1 of 30 
 
COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST-2021 (PG) 
 
 
In jurisprudence, distinction between theoretical and practical aspects of law is the basis of an 
independent science of law, the purpose of which is not to subserve practical ends but to serve 
pure knowledge, which is concerned with facts but not with words. At the present time, the 
juristic science is an exclusively a practical science of law and adequate methods have been 
evolved for the application of law by the judges. The result of this situation is that its teaching 
on the subject of law and legal relations, subject matter and method, can be given only by the 
practical science of law. It aims to supply the judge with legal propositions, formulated in the 
most general terms possible, in order that the greatest possible number of decisions might be 
derived from them. It teaches the judge how to apply the general propositions to the specific 
cases. However, the human thinking is necessarily dominated by the underlying purpose and 
the thinking of the jurist is conditioned by the practical purposes pursued by juristic science. 
The jurist does not mean by law that which lives and is operative in human society as law, but 
law exclusively important in the administration of justice as a rule according to which the 
judges must decide the legal disputes. However, juristic science as a whole proceeds by 
abstractions and deductions but sometimes loses contact with reality. The rule of human 
conduct and the rule according to which the judges decide legal disputes may be distinct; a 
layman does not always act according to the rules which the judges apply for the judicial 
decisions as the rules to guide human conduct. However, the scientific view has given way to 
the practical view, adapted to the requirements of the judicial officials according to which they 
must proceed, but they arrive at this view by a jump in their personal thinking. They mean that 
the rules according to which courts decide are the rules according to which men ought to 
regulate their conduct. In this respect it is altogether different from true science. It is true that 
that judicial decisions influence the conduct of men, but we must first of all inquire to what 
extent this is true and upon what circumstances it depends. 
1. The purpose of the ‘science of law’ is to achieve 
(A) Practical aspects for human conduct. 
(B) Idealistic judicial abstractions. 
(C) Pure knowledge based on reality. 
(D) Judicial purpose. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
2. The prevailing method of the practical science of law is the method which is ______  
(A) Employed by judges for application of law. 
(B) Indicated in law books. 
(C) Abstraction of social mind. 
(D) Legal optimism. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
3. The judicial thinking is prominently guided by  
(A) Underlying principles of judicial morality. 
(B) Principles of professional ethics. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Classical theories of justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
 
Page 2 of 30 
 
4. The present juristic science is losing scientific temperament, because the_____ 
Which of the following is the most appropriate answer?  
(A) Judges are not professionally trained. 
(B) Judicial abstractions and deductions are different from reality. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Notions for the judicial decisions are inferred from the decision of foreign courts. 
CORRECT OPTION: B 
5. The legal propositions are generally based on ______ 
(A) Generalised possibility. 
(B) Exclusivity. 
(C) Social interest. 
(D) Political interest. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
6. The judicial expectation from a layman is that 
(A) The conduct of man ought to be humane. 
(B) The conduct of man ought to be prudent. 
(C) The conduct of man be based on rules decided by courts. 
(D) The conduct of man be based on moral and ethical parameters. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
Human liberty is a precious constitutional value; it is as tenuous as tenuous can be. Liberty 
survives by the vigilance of her citizens, on the cacophony of the media and in the dusty 
corridors of courts alive to the rule of (and not by) law. The doors of the court cannot be closed 
to a citizen who is able to establish prima facie that the instrumentality of the State is being 
weaponized for using the force of criminal law to the detriment of human liberty. The basic 
entitlement of every citizen who is faced with allegations of criminal wrongdoing, is that the 
investigative process should be fair. This is an integral component of the guarantee against 
arbitrariness under Article 14 and of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. The 
Supreme Court considered the given principle in Arnab Manoranjan Goswami v. State of 
Maharashtra, [AIR 2021 SC 1], which binds that the courts must be alive to the need to 
safeguard the public interest while ensuring that the due enforcement of criminal law is not 
obstructed. The fair investigation of crime is an aid to it. Equally it is the duty of courts across 
the spectrum-the district judiciary, the High Courts and the Supreme Court to ensure that the 
criminal law does not become a weapon for the selective harassment of citizens. The inherent 
power of the High Court must be construed as an aid to preserve the constitutional value of 
liberty. The writ of liberty runs through the fabric of the Constitution. The need to ensure fair 
investigation of crime is undoubtedly important in itself, because it protects at one level, the 
rights of the victim and, at a more fundamental level, the societal interest in ensuring that crime 
is investigated and dealt in accordance with law. On the other hand, the misuse of the criminal 
law is a matter of which the courts in this country must be alive. 
7. Which of the following statements regarding human liberty is untrue? 
(A) Liberty is a precious constitutional right. 
(B) Liberty is a limited fundamental right. 
(C) Liberty is a fragile concept. 
(D) Liberty is an infrangible concept. 
CORRECT OPTION: D 
 
Page 3 of 30 
 
8. The liberty of a citizen is alive because of lively ______ 
(A) Media. 
(B) Judiciary. 
(C) Media and Judiciary. 
(D) Executive and Legislature. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
9. Consider the given statements. 
(I) For seeking the intervention of the court, the petitioner has to prima facie establish that 
the State agency has misused the force of criminal law which causes casualty for the 
human liberty. 
(II) The deprivation of liberty via rule by law is bearable up to twenty-four hours. 
Choose the correct answer from the code given below. 
(A) Both (I) and (II) are true. 
(B) Both (I) and (II) are untrue. 
(C) (I) is true and (II) is untrue. 
(D) (II) is true and (I) is untrue. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
10. The fair investigation in a criminal trial is a guarantee ______ 
(A) Against arbitrariness. 
(B) Of right to life and personal liberty. 
(C) Against arbitrariness and of right to life and personal liberty. 
(D) Of political justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
11. Ensuring that the crime is fairly investigated and dealt in accordance with the rule of law, 
is fundamentally a matter of________ 
(A) Legal interest. 
(B) Social interest. 
(C) Political interest. 
(D) Economic interest. 
CORRECT OPTION: B 
12. In the given excerpt, for the protection of human liberty, the Court has given emphasis 
on_______ 
(A) Role of society.  
(B) Role of the courts at all levels. 
(C) Balance between the due enforcement and preventing misuse of criminal law. 
(D) Both (B) and (C). 
CORRECT OPTION: D 
 
The Supreme Court of India noted that it is a prevalent gender stereotype that women officers 
find it challenging to meet the hazards of service owing to their prolonged absence during 
pregnancy, motherhood and domestic obligations towards their children and families, as the 
notion assumes that domestic obligations rest solely on women. Reliance on the ‘inherent 
physiological differences between men and women’ rests in a deeply entrenched stereotypical 
and constitutionally flawed notion that women are the ‘weaker’ sex and may not undertake 
tasks that are ‘too arduous’ for them. Arguments founded on the physical strengths and 
weaknesses of men and women and on assumptions about women in the social context of 
Page 5


     
      
 
    
 
  
  
July 23, 2021 
 
NOTIFICATION FOR INVITING OBJECTIONS 
 
? Candidates who appeared in CLAT-2021 for UG and PG Programmes on July 23, 2021 
may file their objections, if any, on Consortium website. The portal for objection(s) will 
open at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021 and close at 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021. 
? After 09:00 P.M. on July 24, 2021 the link will be de-activated. No Objection(s) will be 
entertained thereafter.  
? Objection(s) received over email or phone calls will not be entertained. 
? A fee of Rs. 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) is to be paid for each objection and if the 
objection turns out to be valid, the said fee will be refunded/remitted to the same account 
from which it was paid. No requests of depositing it in any other account will be 
entertained.  
? Objection(s) without the prescribed fee will not be entertained.  
Important Note on Raising Objection(s): 
(a) Master Question Booklet and Master Answer Key will be uploaded on the Consortium 
website at 09:00 P.M. on July 23, 2021; 
(b) Students shall tally the Question Number from their own Question Booklet (Note: there 
are four different series of Question Booklets) with the Master Question Booklet and raise 
Objection only on appropriate Question Number(s) from Master Question Booklet.  
(c) If Candidates raise Objections on their own Question Booklet and the Question Number 
does not match with the Master Question Booklet, CLAT Office will not respond to such 
objection(s).  
Process of Raising Objection(s):  
1)  Login to you CLAT account and click on Submit Objections. 
2)  Click on Submit Object button.  
3)  Select the type of objection (1) About the question or (2) About the answer key.  
4)   Enter objection details and click on Submit Objection.  
5)  Once all your objections are submitted, click on the Make Payment button to make 
payment. There is a fee of INR 1,000/- (Rs. One Thousand only) per objection. 
 
Sd/-  
Prof. (Dr.) Vijender Kumar, 
Convenor, CLAT-2021 
 
CLAT	PG	2021	Question	Paper	with	Answer	Key
Page 1 of 30 
 
COMMON LAW ADMISSION TEST-2021 (PG) 
 
 
In jurisprudence, distinction between theoretical and practical aspects of law is the basis of an 
independent science of law, the purpose of which is not to subserve practical ends but to serve 
pure knowledge, which is concerned with facts but not with words. At the present time, the 
juristic science is an exclusively a practical science of law and adequate methods have been 
evolved for the application of law by the judges. The result of this situation is that its teaching 
on the subject of law and legal relations, subject matter and method, can be given only by the 
practical science of law. It aims to supply the judge with legal propositions, formulated in the 
most general terms possible, in order that the greatest possible number of decisions might be 
derived from them. It teaches the judge how to apply the general propositions to the specific 
cases. However, the human thinking is necessarily dominated by the underlying purpose and 
the thinking of the jurist is conditioned by the practical purposes pursued by juristic science. 
The jurist does not mean by law that which lives and is operative in human society as law, but 
law exclusively important in the administration of justice as a rule according to which the 
judges must decide the legal disputes. However, juristic science as a whole proceeds by 
abstractions and deductions but sometimes loses contact with reality. The rule of human 
conduct and the rule according to which the judges decide legal disputes may be distinct; a 
layman does not always act according to the rules which the judges apply for the judicial 
decisions as the rules to guide human conduct. However, the scientific view has given way to 
the practical view, adapted to the requirements of the judicial officials according to which they 
must proceed, but they arrive at this view by a jump in their personal thinking. They mean that 
the rules according to which courts decide are the rules according to which men ought to 
regulate their conduct. In this respect it is altogether different from true science. It is true that 
that judicial decisions influence the conduct of men, but we must first of all inquire to what 
extent this is true and upon what circumstances it depends. 
1. The purpose of the ‘science of law’ is to achieve 
(A) Practical aspects for human conduct. 
(B) Idealistic judicial abstractions. 
(C) Pure knowledge based on reality. 
(D) Judicial purpose. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
2. The prevailing method of the practical science of law is the method which is ______  
(A) Employed by judges for application of law. 
(B) Indicated in law books. 
(C) Abstraction of social mind. 
(D) Legal optimism. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
3. The judicial thinking is prominently guided by  
(A) Underlying principles of judicial morality. 
(B) Principles of professional ethics. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Classical theories of justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
 
Page 2 of 30 
 
4. The present juristic science is losing scientific temperament, because the_____ 
Which of the following is the most appropriate answer?  
(A) Judges are not professionally trained. 
(B) Judicial abstractions and deductions are different from reality. 
(C) Practical purposes followed by judicial science. 
(D) Notions for the judicial decisions are inferred from the decision of foreign courts. 
CORRECT OPTION: B 
5. The legal propositions are generally based on ______ 
(A) Generalised possibility. 
(B) Exclusivity. 
(C) Social interest. 
(D) Political interest. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
6. The judicial expectation from a layman is that 
(A) The conduct of man ought to be humane. 
(B) The conduct of man ought to be prudent. 
(C) The conduct of man be based on rules decided by courts. 
(D) The conduct of man be based on moral and ethical parameters. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
 
Human liberty is a precious constitutional value; it is as tenuous as tenuous can be. Liberty 
survives by the vigilance of her citizens, on the cacophony of the media and in the dusty 
corridors of courts alive to the rule of (and not by) law. The doors of the court cannot be closed 
to a citizen who is able to establish prima facie that the instrumentality of the State is being 
weaponized for using the force of criminal law to the detriment of human liberty. The basic 
entitlement of every citizen who is faced with allegations of criminal wrongdoing, is that the 
investigative process should be fair. This is an integral component of the guarantee against 
arbitrariness under Article 14 and of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. The 
Supreme Court considered the given principle in Arnab Manoranjan Goswami v. State of 
Maharashtra, [AIR 2021 SC 1], which binds that the courts must be alive to the need to 
safeguard the public interest while ensuring that the due enforcement of criminal law is not 
obstructed. The fair investigation of crime is an aid to it. Equally it is the duty of courts across 
the spectrum-the district judiciary, the High Courts and the Supreme Court to ensure that the 
criminal law does not become a weapon for the selective harassment of citizens. The inherent 
power of the High Court must be construed as an aid to preserve the constitutional value of 
liberty. The writ of liberty runs through the fabric of the Constitution. The need to ensure fair 
investigation of crime is undoubtedly important in itself, because it protects at one level, the 
rights of the victim and, at a more fundamental level, the societal interest in ensuring that crime 
is investigated and dealt in accordance with law. On the other hand, the misuse of the criminal 
law is a matter of which the courts in this country must be alive. 
7. Which of the following statements regarding human liberty is untrue? 
(A) Liberty is a precious constitutional right. 
(B) Liberty is a limited fundamental right. 
(C) Liberty is a fragile concept. 
(D) Liberty is an infrangible concept. 
CORRECT OPTION: D 
 
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8. The liberty of a citizen is alive because of lively ______ 
(A) Media. 
(B) Judiciary. 
(C) Media and Judiciary. 
(D) Executive and Legislature. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
9. Consider the given statements. 
(I) For seeking the intervention of the court, the petitioner has to prima facie establish that 
the State agency has misused the force of criminal law which causes casualty for the 
human liberty. 
(II) The deprivation of liberty via rule by law is bearable up to twenty-four hours. 
Choose the correct answer from the code given below. 
(A) Both (I) and (II) are true. 
(B) Both (I) and (II) are untrue. 
(C) (I) is true and (II) is untrue. 
(D) (II) is true and (I) is untrue. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
10. The fair investigation in a criminal trial is a guarantee ______ 
(A) Against arbitrariness. 
(B) Of right to life and personal liberty. 
(C) Against arbitrariness and of right to life and personal liberty. 
(D) Of political justice. 
CORRECT OPTION: C 
11. Ensuring that the crime is fairly investigated and dealt in accordance with the rule of law, 
is fundamentally a matter of________ 
(A) Legal interest. 
(B) Social interest. 
(C) Political interest. 
(D) Economic interest. 
CORRECT OPTION: B 
12. In the given excerpt, for the protection of human liberty, the Court has given emphasis 
on_______ 
(A) Role of society.  
(B) Role of the courts at all levels. 
(C) Balance between the due enforcement and preventing misuse of criminal law. 
(D) Both (B) and (C). 
CORRECT OPTION: D 
 
The Supreme Court of India noted that it is a prevalent gender stereotype that women officers 
find it challenging to meet the hazards of service owing to their prolonged absence during 
pregnancy, motherhood and domestic obligations towards their children and families, as the 
notion assumes that domestic obligations rest solely on women. Reliance on the ‘inherent 
physiological differences between men and women’ rests in a deeply entrenched stereotypical 
and constitutionally flawed notion that women are the ‘weaker’ sex and may not undertake 
tasks that are ‘too arduous’ for them. Arguments founded on the physical strengths and 
weaknesses of men and women and on assumptions about women in the social context of 
Page 4 of 30 
 
marriage and family do not constitute a constitutionally valid basis for denying equal 
opportunity to women officers. To deny the grant of permanent commission to women officers 
on the ground that this would upset the ‘peculiar dynamics’ in a unit casts an undue burden on 
women officers which has been claimed as a ground for excluding women. If society holds 
strong beliefs about gender roles, that men are socially dominant, physically powerful and the 
breadwinners of the family and that women are weak and physically submissive, and primarily 
caretakers confined to a domestic atmosphere, it is unlikely that there would be a change in 
mindsets. 
13. Which of the following judgments relating to equality of opportunity for women seeking 
Permanent Commissions in the Indian Army is the excerpt taken from?  
(A)  Nawal Kishore Sharma v. Union of India, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 74. 
(B)  Aparna Bhat v. State of Madhya Pradesh, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 230.  
(C)  Ministry of Defence v. Babita Puniya, (2020) 7 SCC 469.  
(D)  Dipika Jagatram Sahani v. Union of India, (2021) 2 SCC 740. 
CORRECT OPTION: C  
14. Based on the given excerpt from a judgment, which of the following was not a direction 
given by the Supreme Court of India?  
(A)  Women officers on Short Service Commission with more than twelve years of 
service who do not opt for being considered for the grant of the Permanent 
Commissions will be entitled to continue in service until they complete twenty-two 
years of pensionable service.  
(B)  Short Service Commission women officers with over twenty years of service who 
are not granted Permanent Commission shall retire on pension in terms of the policy 
decision.  
(C)  All serving women officers on Short Service Commission shall be considered for 
the grant of Permanent Commission irrespective of any of them having completed 
fourteen years or, as the case may be, twenty years of service.  
(D)  Short Service Commission women officers who are granted Permanent Commission 
in pursuance of the above directions will be entitled to all consequential benefits 
including promotion and financial benefits. 
CORRECT OPTION: A 
15. That women officers would upset the dynamics in a unit is a/an________ ground for 
denying them permanent commission. 
(A)  Inevitable  
(B)  Strong  
(C)  Unreasonable  
(D)  Valid  
CORRECT OPTION: C 
16. Which of the following judgments is not related to equality of opportunity in matters of 
public employment as guaranteed by the Constitution of India?  
(A)  Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. Chief Minister, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 362.  
(B)  Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, 1992 Supp (3) SCC 217.  
(C)  M. Nagraj v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SCC 212.  
(D)  Nisha Priya Bhatia v. Union of India, (2020) 13 SCC 56. 
CORRECT OPTION: D