NEET Exam  >  NEET Notes  >  Physics Class 11  >  Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

Heat

  • The energy that is being transferred between two bodies or between adjacent parts of a body as a result of temperature difference is called heat. 
  • Thus, heat is a form of energy. It is energy in transit whenever temperature differences exist. Once it is transferred, it becomes the internal energy of receiving body. 
  • It should be clearly understood that the word "heat" is meaningful only as long as the energy is being transferred. Thus, expressions like "heat in a body" or "heat of body" are meaningless.

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

When we say that a body is heated it means that its molecules begin to move with greater kinetic energy.

S.I. unit of heat energy is joule (J). Another common unit of heat energy is calorie (cal).


Question for Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity
Try yourself:
What is heat?
View Solution

Mechanical Equivalent of Heat 

  • In the early days heat was not recognized as a form of energy. Heat was supposed to be something needed to raise the temperature of a body or to change its phase. Calorie was defined as the unit of heat. 
  • A number of experiments were performed to show that the temperature may also be increased by doing mechanical work on the system. These experiments established that heat is equivalent to mechanical energy and measured how much mechanical energy is equivalent to a calorie. 
  • If mechanical work W produces the same temperature change as heat H, we write,
    W = JH 
  • Where J is called the mechanical equivalent of heat. J is expressed in joule/calories. The value of J gives how many joules of mechanical work is needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C.
  • 1 calorie: The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gm of water from 14.5 to 15.5 °C at one atmospheric pressure is 1 calorie.
    1 calorie = 4.186 Joule.

Specific Heat

  • Specific heat of substances is equal to heat gain or released by that substance to raise or fall its temperature by 1°C for a unit mass of a substance.
  • When a body is heated, it gains heat. On the other hand, heat is lost when the body is cooled. 
  • The gain or loss of heat is directly proportional to :
    (a) The mass of the body DQ µ m
    (b) Rise or fall of temperature of the body DQ µ DT
    Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET
    where s is a constant and is known as the specific heat of the body s = Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET
  • S.I. unit of s is joule/kg-kelvin and C.G.S unit is cal/gm °C.

Specific heat of water: s = 4200 J/kg°C = 1000 cal/kg°C = 1 Kcal/kg°C = 1 cal/gm°C.

Specific heat of steam = half of specific heat of water = specific heat of ice 

Example 1. Heat required to increases the temperature of 1 kg water by 20°C 

Sol. 

Heat required = ΔQ = msΔθ
= 1 x 20 = 20 Kcal.
∴ S = 1 cal/gm°C = 1 Kcal/kg°C


Important Points: 

(a)  We know, s = Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET, if the substance undergoes the change of state which occurs at constant temperature (DT = 0), the s = Q/0 = ¥. Thus the specific heat of a substance when it melts or boils at constant temperature is infinite.

(b) If the temperature of the substance changes without the transfer of heat (Q = 0) then s = Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET = 0. Thus when liquid in the thermos flask is shaken, its temperature increases without the transfer of heat and hence and the specific heat of liquid in the thermos flask is zero.

(c) To raise the temperature of saturated water vapour, heat (Q) is withdrawn. Hence, specific heat of saturated water vapour is negative. (This is for your information only and not in the course)

(d) The slight variation of specific heat of water with temperature is shown in the graph at 1 atmosphere pressure. Its variation is less than 1% over the interval form 0 to 100°C.

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

Heat capacity or Thermal capacity

The heat capacity of a body is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of that body by 1°C. If `m' is the mass and `s' the specific heat of the body, then

Heat capacity = m s

Units of heat capacity in CGS system is, cal °C-1SI unit is, JK-1


Relation between Specific heat and Water equivalent

It is the amount of water which requires the same amount of heat for the same temperature rise as that of the object

ms AT = mw Sw ΔT Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET
In calorie sw = 1
∴ mw = ms
mw is also represented by W
so W = ms


Law of Mixture

When two substances at different temperatures are mixed together, the exchange of heat continues to take place till their temperatures become equal. This temperature is then called final temperature of the mixture. Here, Heat taken by one substance = Heat given by another substance.

⇒ m1s1(T1 - Tm) = m2s2(Tm - T2)

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET


Example 2. An iron block of mass 2 kg, fall from a height 10 m. After colliding with the ground it loses 25 % energy to surroundings. Then find the temperature rise of the block (Take sp. heat of iron 470 J/kg°C)

Sol. Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET


Example 3. The temperature of equal masses of three different liquids A, B, and C are 10°C 15°C and 20°C respectively. The temperature when A and B are mixed is 13°C and when B and C are mixed, it is 16°C. What will be the temperature when A and C are mixed? 

Sol.

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

when A and B are mixed
mS1 x (13 - 10) = m x S2 x (15 - 13)
3S1 = 2S2    ...(1)
when B and C are mixed
S2 x 1 = S3 x 4    ...(2)
when C and A are mixed
S1(θ - 10) = s3 x (20 - θ)    ,..(3)
by using equation (1), (2) and (3)

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET


Example 4. If three different liquid of different masses specific heats and temperature are mixed with each other and then what is the temperature mixture at thermal equilibrium. 

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET 

Sol. Total heat lost or gain by all substance is equal to zero.

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

The document Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET is a part of the NEET Course Physics Class 11.
All you need of NEET at this link: NEET
102 videos|411 docs|121 tests

Top Courses for NEET

FAQs on Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity - Physics Class 11 - NEET

1. What is the law of mixture in calorimetry?
Ans. The law of mixture in calorimetry states that when two substances of different temperatures are mixed together in an isolated system, the total heat lost by one substance equals the total heat gained by the other substance. This principle allows us to calculate the specific heat capacity or heat capacity of substances.
2. What is calorimetry?
Ans. Calorimetry is a scientific technique used to measure heat transfer in a chemical or physical process. It involves using a calorimeter, which is an insulated container with known properties, to measure the change in temperature of a substance when heat is exchanged with its surroundings. This allows for the determination of the heat capacity or specific heat capacity of the substance.
3. What is specific heat capacity?
Ans. Specific heat capacity, also known as specific heat, is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius or Kelvin. It is a characteristic property of a material and is typically measured in units of J/(g·°C) or J/(g·K). Specific heat capacity is important in determining how much heat a substance can store or release when its temperature changes.
4. How is specific heat capacity determined experimentally?
Ans. Specific heat capacity is determined experimentally using calorimetry. A known mass of the substance is heated or cooled to a known temperature, and then it is added to an insulated container with a known mass of water or another substance with a known specific heat capacity. The change in temperature of the water or the other substance is measured, and using the law of mixture in calorimetry, the specific heat capacity of the substance can be calculated.
5. What are some applications of calorimetry and specific heat capacity?
Ans. Calorimetry and specific heat capacity have various applications in fields such as chemistry, physics, and engineering. They are used to determine the energy content of foods, measure the heat of reactions, study phase changes, and determine the heat transfer in various processes. They are also important in designing efficient heating and cooling systems, understanding thermal properties of materials, and analyzing the energy efficiency of different substances.
102 videos|411 docs|121 tests
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for NEET exam

Top Courses for NEET

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

pdf

,

Exam

,

past year papers

,

study material

,

practice quizzes

,

Extra Questions

,

mock tests for examination

,

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

,

Objective type Questions

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Viva Questions

,

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

,

MCQs

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Summary

,

Important questions

,

Semester Notes

,

video lectures

,

Free

,

ppt

,

Calorimetry & Specific Heat Capacity | Physics Class 11 - NEET

,

Sample Paper

;