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Cell - The Unit of Life Video Lecture | Crash Course for UAE Grade 11

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1. What is a cell and why is it considered the unit of life?
Ans. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is considered the unit of life because all living organisms are composed of cells, and cells perform all the necessary functions to sustain life. Cells carry out processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli, making them the building blocks of life.
2. How are cells classified based on their structure?
Ans. Cells can be classified into two major types based on their structure: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
3. What are the main organelles found in eukaryotic cells?
Ans. Eukaryotic cells contain several organelles that perform specific functions. Some of the main organelles include the nucleus, which houses the genetic material and controls cell activities; mitochondria, responsible for energy production; endoplasmic reticulum, involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism; Golgi apparatus, responsible for modifying and packaging proteins; and lysosomes, involved in cellular waste management.
4. How do cells communicate with each other?
Ans. Cells communicate with each other through various mechanisms, including direct contact and chemical signaling. Gap junctions allow direct communication between adjacent cells, allowing the exchange of ions, molecules, and electrical signals. Cells can also release chemical messengers called hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to target cells and trigger specific responses. Additionally, cells can communicate through neurotransmitters in the nervous system and cytokines in the immune system.
5. How do cells reproduce and ensure the continuity of life?
Ans. Cells reproduce through two main processes: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a form of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is responsible for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells and results in the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes. This ensures genetic diversity and the continuity of life through sexual reproduction.
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