The World Population (Overview) Video Lecture | Geography CUET Preparation - Humanities/Arts

chapter 2 the world population so these
three terms distribution density and
growth it is very essential to
understand them by distribution we mean
the way people are spread on earth
people generally form communities and
societies right so it is very essential
to understand that pattern if you are to
serve them better now you must be
thinking why Ameth why is it necessary
to understand the distribution of people
how is it going to help us well think of
it this way
there are so many variables associated
with humans like social economics
political biological genetics
geographical etc they all are
interlinked with human it's like we are
at the center of all of this and if we
study distribution of people then we
will be able to serve them well we can
serve them with better health planning
educational planning employment planning
housing planning food supply etc coming
to the second term density by density we
mean how many people are packed in a
specific amount of space and again it is
important to know this because if we
know how many people are squeezed in a
set amount of place we can control the
population from causing environmental
pollution if a place is packed with
people and people have needs in
fulfilling those needs
there will be pollution right so think
of it that way and the third term is
growth since population is related to
economic development therefore keeping a
track of its growth is very important in
tackling social political and economic
issues so this chapter is all about all
the things that we just heard so the
first topic of this chapter is patterns
of population distribution in the world
now patterns of population distribution
and density helps us to understand the
demographic characteristics of any area
when we say demographic characteristics
we mean the age gender education
profession occupation income level and
marital status of the people knowing all
of this is very important because it
will give meaningful and
insights when implementing the
government policies and schemes towards
development of nation I hope you're
getting what I'm trying to say there are
many public policies that require these
insights so that it improves the lives
of these citizens which in turn helps in
developing the economy so here are the
ten most populous countries of the world
just remember the top three countries
that is India China and United States
and the next topic is density of
population I want you to watch this
short clip taken from one of my previous
videos this clip is going to sum up the
entire meaning of population density
population density is always expressed
in per square kilometer or kilometre
Square both are same
consider a distance between A to B as
one kilometer the total number of people
staying in this 1 kilometre piece of
land is called as population density now
the next question that comes in your
mind is how do we calculate the density
of population
the most common way is to divide the
total population of an area by the total
land area population count is collected
from census and land areas collected
from local miscibility and then you can
divide both of them to get the
population density I hope it was pretty
clear and apologies for the change in
voice modulation it was a clip from an
old video anyways some of the densely
populated parts of the world are
northeastern part of USA I'm talking
about this region over here comprising
of states like Connecticut Maine
Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island
Maryland Vermont that mid-atlantic
states of New Jersey New York and
Pennsylvania all these places are
densely populated regions of US and then
going to didnõt western part of Europe
that is countries like I'll end the
United Kingdom Belgium the Netherlands
not Germany Denmark Norway Sweden
Iceland Luxembourg northern France
southern Germany and Switzerland these
all are densely populated places of
Europe coming to the Asian continent
that is south south east and East Asia
this entire region over here if you just
take India and China I think these two
countries population is enough to state
the point that this region of Asia is
densely populated just
these regions in mind it's good to
remember from examination point of view
but also if at any point you visit any
of these places you now know where to
hang out and meet people now there are
some places where population density is
absolutely low these places are the
North and South Poles extremely cold
areas
I mean civilization does exist over here
but it's very low
there are many international research
stations that exists in Antarctica
so mostly people are there to do
scientific research of climate change
and environmental stuff some 30
countries have their research stations
there in fact India has one as well by
the name of Indian Antarctic Program if
you are interested to read further link
to that is in the description in the
North Pole there's the city called
swat-bots in Norway it is one of the
world's northernmost inhabited areas the
area of this place is 60 1022 square
kilometer and the population is 2642
I just want you to have an idea as to
how low is the population density in the
North Pole and by the way this place has
a university hence people are serious
about staying here forever
you can read more link is in the
description apart from northern South
Pole we have some places in the equator
middle of the earth where the conditions
are so harsh that density of population
is low in these regions we are talking
about central parts of Africa where it's
super hot and then places like Amazon
forests in South America and the man in
the kuba Island in India so much of
wilderness and natural vegetation exists
basically forests very less people stay
here just keep these places in mind with
regards to population density moving on
to the next topic factors influencing
the distribution of population there are
some reasons behind population
distribution
they are usually related to geographical
economic and socio-cultural factors
let's quickly begin with geographical
factors these are something we human
have no control over it whatsoever
like the availability of water water is
used for almost everything and by
everyone such as drinking bathing
cooking growing crops industrial and
navigational purposes
and that's why you will notice that
river valleys are among the most densely
populated areas of the world the next
one is land form when we say land forms
we are talking about the physical
features of Earth like mountains
plateaus plains deserts etc people
prefer living on flat plains and gentle
slopes that's why you will see most of
the populated cities in India are on the
banks of river Ganga if you look at the
regions of north east and north and
talking about places lying at foothills
of Himalayas there you will find less
people because these places will not
favor agricultural and industrial
development hence there will be less
employment and people will not refer
staying at a place where it is hard to
earn a living
and the third one is climate I want you
to just think about this when choosing
the location for your vacation
you would prefer a place with Pleasant
weather right hence people don't prefer
staying at areas with very heavy
rainfall or extreme and harsh climates
one good example is the Mediterranean
region so the countries that surround
the Mediterranean Sea are some of the
biggest holiday destination of the world
countries like Greece Italy Spain all
such exotic locations are located in
temperate region rich pleasant climate
so I hope you understand how much
climate plays an important role in
population distribution and the last one
under geographical factor is soils soil
is usually related with agricultural and
allied activities by Allied activities
we are talking about animal husbandry
horticulture ciri culture fisheries
agroforestry etc all these activities
require fertile soil for best
productivity and many people rely on
these activities for the living
understand the connection there for soil
directly comes as an important factor
for population distribution now coming
to the second factor economic factors
whenever economic word comes we are
directly referring to businesses profit
loss wages income and all these kind of
things so the first one under this is
minerals areas with mineral deposits
attract industries this is so true take
a look around all the islands and steel
industries
in India you will find majority of them
in the regions of Peninsular plateau or
chota nagpur plateau and these regions
are usually written ireneaus mining and
industrial activities generate
employment so skilled and semi-skilled
workers move to these areas and make
them densely populated so if you check
out the regions of Karnataka Andhra
Pradesh west bengal orissa charkh and
all these places are densely populated
the second one is urbanization the
meaning of urbanization is a population
shift from rural to urban area cities
offer better employment opportunities
educational medical facilities better
transportation and communication and
that is what draws people to cities it
leads to rural to urban migration and
cities grow in size mega cities of the
world continue to attract large number
of migrants every year this is
absolutely true and the last point under
economic factor is industrialization so
industrialization is the process in
which a society or a country transforms
itself from a primarily agricultural
society into manufacturing of goods and
services industries gives a lot of job
opportunities and attracts a lot of
people we are not just talking about
people who work in the factories but
also people who provide facilities to a
civilization like shopkeepers banks
teachers doctors and other services
because when people start living in a
particular place that place soon grows
into a society and then a town there a
city so you would need many other
services to keep that little city going
I hope you understanding the connection
now going to deterred and the last
factor affecting population distribution
of a place is social and cultural
factors some places attract more people
because they have religious or cultural
significance I'll give you two places in
India as an example the first one is
Varanasi often known as land of
spirituality people visit the city for
visiting temples or take a holy dip in
the river Ganga it's the spiritual and
the cultural connection that makes
people visit Varanasi now the second
place is Goa this city thrives on
culture that resonates among young
couples and Pia
people who love socializing and do
adventure sports so you see it's the
social and cultural factor that attracts
people to a particular place now the
next topic is population growth in
simple terms it means whether the
population of a place has increased or
decreased over a period of time now this
change can be positive as well as
negative let's first understand what are
the components of population change
there are three major components of
population change and they are births
deaths and migration now we all know the
meaning of births and deaths the number
of newborn babies are the birds that is
population increases and the people
dying every year are the deaths that as
population decreases
apart from births and deaths there is
another way by which the population size
changes when people move from one place
to another
it's called migration the place they
move from is called the place of origin
and the place they moved to is called
the place of destination now let's see
how to find the natural growth of
population this is the population
increased by difference between births
and deaths in a particular region
between two points of time so natural
growth is equal to births minus deaths
suppose this is a region here green
indicate births and red indicates deaths
for the sake of an example we will keep
the dots limited in between you have the
regular population who are working
studying and doing all sorts of things
let's say in 2006 this is how the
pattern looks like in 2015 it was
something like this you see a difference
right so when you calculate natural
growth for each year that is births
minus deaths you will see the difference
in the natural growth of population now
on the other hand to find the actual
growth of population we will have to do
a little more calculation we just need
to add and subtract the Micron's the
formula is birth - death plus in
migration - out migration so we add the
ones who moved into the new place and we
subtract the one who left the place
there is another term called positive
growth of population which
means when birth rate is more than death
rate between two points of time and then
there is another term which is the
opposite of this negative growth of
population where the birth rate falls
below the death rate or people migrate
or move to other countries simply
meaning population is decreasing there
is a big question now why people migrate
or move from one place to another it's
called the push and pull factor the push
factor means sending people away because
of reasons like unemployment poor living
conditions political turmoil unpleasant
climate natural disasters epidemics and
socio-economic backwardness and on the
other hand pull factor makes the
destination more attractive for reasons
like better job opportunities and living
conditions peace and stability security
of life and property and pleasant
climate so roughly remember these
reasons now we are going to see some
trends in population growth currently
the population of world is over seven
billion what is more interesting is it
is only during the last few hundred
years that population has increased at
an alarming rate so if you look at this
picture after the 18th century
population growth took a massive jump
and if you see the reason most of the
developments like Industrial Revolution
transportation medical advancement
biotechnology information technology
computers they were all in full swing
and due to this life expectancy
increased standard of living improved
mortality rate decreased and due to this
world population exploded after the 18th
century now what are the impact of
population change well a small increase
in population is needed in a growing
economy because that's how the working
force or the productive lot of a nation
will develop who will work or create
jobs generate revenue and that's how
nation's economy will increase a small
increase of population is good however
if it increases beyond a level that will
lead to problems because the natural
resources are limited and allocating
them among the population will be
difficult and that can lead to problems
like inflation price rise
poverty basically economic imbalance at
an extreme level that can lead to
anarchy where there is absence of any
controlling system law or authority and
the next topic is demographic transition
basically what it means is how a
particular place or a country has moved
ahead in time from being a rural
agricultural society to urban industry
literate society this transition or
change is known as demographic cycle
it's classified in three stages for
better understanding in the first stage
we are talking about 200 years ago that
is pre-industrial Society at that time
people only engaged in agricultural
activities life expectancy was very low
most people were illiterates and there
was very minimal technology however
human fertility was high meaning people
produced healthy babies as people slowly
moved to second stage life expectancy
increased a little bit because there
were improvements in sanitation and
health conditions that increased a
lifespan and reduced diseases they have
a general improvement like access to
technology basic health care and
education then in the last stage birth
rates fell due to various fertility
factors such as access to contraception
increase in wages urbanization or
reduction in subsistence agriculture a
reduction in values of children's work
and increase in parental investment in
the education of children and other
social changes population became
urbanized literate and has high
technical knowledge this shows that
human beings are extremely flexible and
are able to adjust their fertility so
these stages define the demographic
transition theory and the last topic of
this chapter is population control
measure some of the measures that are in
use to help population control are
family planning services then
availability of contraceptives and
government often use tax disincentives
meaning they impose extra taxes or fees
to control and prevent desirable or
undesirable actions behaviors or
decisions I'll give you an example
Singapore government imposes
disincentives lie
limitation of income tax relief to first
three children then paid maternity leave
is allowed to only first two pregnancies
and the cost of giving birth to a third
child would increase Singapore also
gives children from smaller families
priority in school admission so you see
how there are measures and systems in
place to control the population and with
this we have come to an end of this
chapter don't forget to check out the
links to the Articles that was suggested
during the course of this video all the
links are below in the description this
idea was suggested by one of these
subscribers in the comment section and I
need more of your good tips and tricks
to improve the content so if you can
please leave a comment below and let me
know your thoughts if you enjoy these
videos and see a purpose behind watching
them please like the video and comment
down below until then catch you guys
later
and talk to you guys on the next one
peace