Population Composition (Overview) Video Lecture | Geography CUET Preparation - Humanities/Arts

hi welcome to Chapter three population
composition in this chapter we are going
to learn what composes a population
meaning what are the ingredients of a
population just like you have
ingredients for a dish that you would
like similarly a given population has
certain ingredients as well we're going
to learn what they are so population
basically means people and people have
basic attributes like what their
occupation is what have they studied
that is their education qualification
and what their life expectancy is that
is depending on which part of the world
they stay and how much developed it is
in terms of Technology and medical
discoveries in a nutshell we are going
to read all these stuffs so the first
topic is sex composition the ratio
between the number of women and men in
the population is called the sex ratio
so how do we calculate it we find the
number of women in particular place and
then the number of men we will then
divide women with men and then multiply
with thousand the sex ratio is an
important information about the status
of women in a country so we can conclude
by saying that places where sex ratio is
not in favor of women such areas are
those where the practice of female
feticide female infanticide and domestic
violence against women is common and
these all problems are outcomes of low
socioeconomic status of women meaning
women in these places have not been
empowered enough to stand up for their
rights so we need to keep in mind the
problems as well as its reasons why it's
happening just to present a little
factual data most of the Asian countries
have low sex ratio meaning women are
lesser in number to men countries like
China India Saudi Arabia Pakistan
Afghanistan have a lower sex ratio and
if we go to Russia and countries of
Europe there the mains are in minority
meaning that the status of women is much
better and the reason behind that we
will read about later on going forward
so for now have a generalist idea about
all of this now let's read about how
each structure can help us in
understanding the population each
structure tells us how many people
belong to what age group and knowing
this is really
and you will get to know why in a moment
I want you to think about this in India
the working population is in the age
group of 15 to 59 years by 15 you'll
have your basic schooling done and many
joint e-government services and by 60
you will retire from whatever that you
were doing now people above 60 years our
aging population which requires more
expenditure on health care facilities
pensions etc so by knowing the age
structure government can allocate
resources efficient be both for the
younger ones and the elders similarly
high proportion of young population
would mean that the region has a high
birthrate and the population is youthful
therefore more schemes can be developed
for this category of the population this
is how age structure plays an important
role which enables us to understand and
compare data which will then provide
insights for better decision making now
what do we mean by age sex pyramid it
simply refers to the number of females
and males
in different age groups good amount of
information about the population is
broken down by age and sex and it can be
read from a population pyramid now it
also tells us how population changes
over time by that I mean what's the
birth rate death rate and life
expectancy of a country so here's a
picture of India's population pyramid
and I will outline few information that
will make you understand the whole age
sex pyramid concept better now if you
look at this picture this is what a
population pyramid looks like and this
figure especially about India bars in
the blue represent male population and
bars in the red represents female
population in the vertical axis you have
the age and in the horizontal axis you
have the population in millions now if
you look at the age group of 0 to 14
years their population bar is extremely
high and they are also known as the
dependent generation meaning they are
living with their parents guardians and
are mostly dependent on them for
resources and now look at the age group
of 15 to 59 years so this entire group
is known as the working population
meaning they are the
number of people who are willing and
eligible to work so these are the people
who are working generating income paying
taxes and running the nation's economy
so all the budget for government
policies and schemes everything has to
be generated from this lot because these
are the ones who pay taxes and from the
tax money budget is allocated and now
look at the age group of people above
fifty nine years these are the older
populations now this population will
require more expenditure on health care
facilities pensions and all other care
and welfare so there is a lot that can
be figured out by looking at the
population pyramid we can also predict
the potential political issues for
example the rapid growth of young adult
population who are not able to find
employment can lead to unrest so by
looking at this pyramid we can protect
that what is the amount of people who
are going to pass out from colleges or
schools next year and who will need job
in an employment then the government can
figure out how to create jobs how to put
this young adult population into working
force and these are few of the things
that can be figured out by looking at
the population pyramid so I hope now
you're well aware of how this population
pyramid works now we are going to read
about rural urban composition the rural
and urban lifestyles are totally
different from each other in many ways
like in terms of the way they live and
the social conditions their age sex
occupational structure they are
different in density of population and
level of development so there is a big
difference in rural in urban areas now
we know that rural people are engaged in
primary activities and in urban areas
majority of the working population is
engaged in non primary activities so if
you look at this picture you can see
rural urban sex composition of six
countries and if you see Canada and
Finland they are totally opposite of
Zimbabwe and Nepal in Canada and Finland
which are Western countries here males
outnumber females in rural areas and
females outnumber the means in urban
areas and the reason is here the females
have moved from rural to urban areas
for more job opportunities and farming
in these developed countries is also
highly mechanized and remains largely a
male occupation where else if you see in
India female participation in farming
activity in rural areas is fairly high
and the urban areas are male-dominated I
hope you are seeing a contrast in the
sex ratio of Western and Asian countries
and the next topic is literacy knowing
the literacy rate of a population in a
country tells a lot about its
socio-economic condition standard of
living social status of females
availability of educational facilities
and policies of government
now in India literacy rate means the
percentage of people above 7 years of
age who can read write and can do a
little math with understanding if a
person can do all of this we call them
literate and the last topic of this
video is occupational structure this is
another important key indicator of a
working population whenever we say
working population we are referring to
the people of the age group of 15 to 59
years who are engaged in primary
secondary tertiary or quaternary
occupation that can range from
agricultural forestry fishing
manufacturing construction transport
services communication and many other
services now you must be thinking how
occupational structure is a key
indicator what do we learn from it well
think of it this way if you can find out
what percentage of working population is
engaged in secondary tertiary or
quaternary sector then by identifying
what type of jobs fall in these
categories let me give you an example
jobs in manufacturing industries and
infrastructure comes under secondary
tertiary and quaternary sector so by
knowing this piece of information we can
easily say that look so-and-so country
has a major percentage of people engaged
in secondary tertiary and quaternary
sector and these sectors contribute
tremendously to the nation's GDP and
that means the country has a developed
economy I hope you are getting how
occupational structure helps in
determining a key
expect of nation's economy so an
economist looks into all these key
indicators and forms the theory based on
the outcome and these theories are then
supported by government spending in the
form of schemes and policies with this
we have come to an end of this chapter I
hope you found this video informative as
usual let me know your thoughts in the
comments if you enjoy these videos and
see a purpose behind watching them
please like the video and comment down
below
until then catch you guys later and talk
to you guys on the next one peace