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VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
In this system, absorber, pump and generator combindely replaces compressor of vapour compression system. The refrigerant flows as
absorber ® Pump® Generator® Condenser® Expander® Evaporator
- Absorber: Here lies a weak solution which after absorbing the refrigerant becomes rich solution.
- Pump:it pumps rich solution raising its pressure to condenser pressure.
- Generator: It distills vapour refrigerant from rich solution making it weak solution for recycling in absorber.
the cycle of rich solution flows as absorber ® pump ® generator ® valve ® absorber
COP = 
- Vapour absorption system may be considered as a combination of heat engine & refrigerating machine.
Maximum COP
- So for maximum COP
- Th should be as high as possible
- Tk should be as low as possible
- T0 should be as high as possible
- COP of vapour absorption system first increases with generator temperature
(Th). reaches an optimum then it decreases
REQUIREMENT OF REFRIGERANT ABSORBENT PAIR
- Low viscosity to minimize pump work
- Low freezing point
- Chemical & thermal stability
- Refrigerant should be highly soluble in absorbent
- Their boiling point difference should be large.
Ex. Refrigerant NH3 + Absorbent H2O
Refrigerant H2O + Absorbent LiBr2
ELECTROLUX REFRIGERATOR
- It works on 3 fluid System e.g.,
NH3 + H2O + H2
- There is no solution circulation pump
- Third fluid remains in the evaporator.
- H2 is chosen as it is non corrosive & insoluble in water.
- Two U bends are provided to prevent H2 from going to solution
- The cycle runs on the basis of partial pressure variation.
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FAQs on Vapour Absorption System - Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)
| 1. What is a vapour absorption system in mechanical engineering? |  |
Ans. A vapour absorption system is a type of refrigeration system that uses a heat source to generate refrigeration effect. It works on the principle of absorption, where a refrigerant vapor is absorbed into a solution and then desorbed to produce cooling. This system is commonly used in industrial applications where waste heat or low-grade heat is available.
| 2. How does a vapour absorption system differ from a vapour compression system? | |
Ans. The main difference between a vapour absorption system and a vapour compression system is the method used to compress the refrigerant. In a vapour absorption system, the refrigerant is absorbed into a solution and then desorbed using a heat source, whereas in a vapour compression system, a mechanical compressor is used to directly compress the refrigerant. Vapour absorption systems are generally more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, but they are also more complex and require a heat source.
| 3. What are the advantages of using a vapour absorption system? | |
Ans. Some advantages of using a vapour absorption system include:
1. Energy efficiency: Vapour absorption systems can utilize waste heat or low-grade heat sources, making them more energy-efficient compared to vapour compression systems.
2. Environmentally friendly: Vapour absorption systems do not require ozone-depleting refrigerants, making them more environmentally friendly.
3. Flexibility in heat source: Vapour absorption systems can use a variety of heat sources, such as natural gas, steam, or solar energy, providing flexibility in system design and operation.
4. Low noise levels: Vapour absorption systems generally produce less noise compared to vapour compression systems, making them suitable for noise-sensitive environments.
5. Long lifespan: Vapour absorption systems are known for their durability and long lifespan, resulting in lower maintenance and replacement costs over time.
| 4. What are the applications of vapour absorption systems in mechanical engineering? | |
Ans. Vapour absorption systems find various applications in mechanical engineering, including:
1. Industrial refrigeration: Vapour absorption systems are commonly used in large-scale industrial refrigeration applications, such as food processing, chemical manufacturing, and cold storage facilities.
2. Air conditioning: Vapour absorption systems can be used for air conditioning in commercial buildings, hotels, and hospitals, especially in areas where waste heat or low-grade heat is readily available.
3. Power generation: Vapour absorption systems can be integrated with power plants to utilize waste heat for cooling purposes, improving overall energy efficiency.
4. District cooling: Vapour absorption systems can be used in district cooling systems, where a centralized cooling plant supplies chilled water to multiple buildings, reducing the energy consumption of individual cooling systems.
5. Solar cooling: Vapour absorption systems can be combined with solar thermal collectors to provide cooling using renewable energy sources, making them suitable for off-grid or environmentally conscious applications.
| 5. What are the challenges or limitations of vapour absorption systems in mechanical engineering? | |
Ans. Some challenges or limitations associated with vapour absorption systems include:
1. High initial cost: Vapour absorption systems often have higher initial costs compared to vapour compression systems due to their complex design and additional components required.
2. Size and weight: Vapour absorption systems are typically larger and heavier than vapour compression systems, making them more challenging to install and transport.
3. Limited cooling capacity: Vapour absorption systems usually have lower cooling capacities compared to vapour compression systems, which may limit their applications in certain industries or environments.
4. Complex maintenance: Vapour absorption systems require regular maintenance and servicing, including monitoring the concentration of the absorbent solution and maintaining proper heat source temperatures.
5. Limited availability of suitable heat sources: Vapour absorption systems heavily rely on the availability of waste heat or low-grade heat sources, which may not always be readily available or economical to utilize.
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