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Compaction is the application of mechanical energy to soil so as to rearrange its particles and reduce the void ratio.
It is applied to improve the properties of existing soil or in the process of placing fill such as in the construction of embankments, road bases, runways, earth dams, and reinforced earth walls. Compaction is also used to prepare a level surface during construction of buildings. There is usually no change in the water content and in the size of the individual soil particles.
The objectives of compaction are:
where γd = bulk density, and w = water content.
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