Chapter 8 - Physiology and Sports, Chapter Notes, Class 12, Physical Education | Physical Education for Grade 12 PDF Download

Chapter 8 - Physiology and Sports, Chapter Notes, Class 12,  Physical Education
 

Key Points :
1. Gender differences in Physical and Physiological parameters

2. Define Physiology & Physiological factors determining component of Physical fitness

3. Organic system of Human Body

4. Physical Fitness & its component

5. Effects of exercises on different Organic System
(a) Cardio-Vascular System
(b) Respiratory System
(c) Muscular System.

6. What is meant by Ageing? Explain the followings:-
(a) Physiological changes due to ageing
(b) Contribution of exercise to maintain functional fitness in aged population
 

8.1 Gender Differences in Physical & Physiological parameters
Gender the state of being male & female through bio-logical division of an
organism on the basis of their reproductive systems”

8.3B Factors affecting in Physical & Physiological fitness

8.4 Physiological factors determine components of Physical fitness
Physiology means, “The science dealing with the functions of living organisms
[A Branch of biology that deals with the functions of organs, tissues and cells
of an organism (living)]

8.4 “Physical Fitness is the total functional capacity of an individual to
 perform a given task effectively, without undue fatigue”

8.5 (a) Effect of Exercise on Cardio-Vascular System
 Cardiovascular system means to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body parts to Produce energy & remove waste material from it

8.5 (b) Effects of Exercise on Respiratory system
“Respiratory system is a mechanism to take oxygen inside and throw away carbon dioxide’
 

Respiration:- It is the process of oxygen supply to the cell for the Oxy-dative
energy from the nutrients and transport of carbon dioxide and the waste material
from the cell
 

Organ of respiratory system.
Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Trachea
4. Bronchi
5. Bronchioles
6. Lungs

8.5 (c) Effects of exercise on Muscular system
 “Muscle is a specialized tissue, which enables the body and it’s part to move
 and give shape to the body”

Effects of Exercise
- Change in shape and size of muscle
- Muscle hypertrophy skeletal
- More energy supply to muscle
- Reaction time
- Capillarization
- Reduction in fat
- Muscular endurance
- Posture
- Controls extra fat
- Delays fatigue
- Increase food storage
- Strength and speed
8.6 Physiological changes due to ageing
“Ageing is a gradual and continuous irreversible process that results in structural
and functional alteration”

8.7 Role of physical activities maintaining functional fitness in aged population
- Reduce the loss of muscle mass
- Helps in maintaining bone density
- Reduce risk of cardio-vascular diseases
- Improve flexibility & strength
- Enhance the lung capacity
- Slowdown the brain ageing
- Improve the mental & social health
- Reduce the risk of age-linked diseases
A. Diabetes
B. Obesity
C. Hypertension
D. Bad cholesterol
- Improve brain function