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Introduction

 Have you ever wondered what makes up most of our bodies and Earth's surface? The answer is water! Water is a clear liquid that we drink every day. It covers most of the Earth and is important for all living things to stay healthy and alive. Our bodies need water to work properly, like helping us digest food and stay cool. Plants, animals, and humans all need water to survive. Without water, life on Earth wouldn’t be possible. It's also used for washing, cooking, and cleaning. 

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Think about it—every living creature, from the tiniest insect to the largest animal, needs water to stay alive and healthy. Isn't that amazing?

Are Ice and Water the Same Substance? 

Yes, ice and water are two different forms, or states, of the same substance. This means that even though they look and behave differently, they are made of the same basic material.

 For example: 

  • When water is in its liquid state,  it can flow and take the shape of its container. It can also splash around. 

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

  • When water freezes and becomes ice,  it becomes solid and does not flow. Ice can hold its shape and does not splash like water. 

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

 So, while ice and water behave differently, they are actually the same substance in different states.

Investigating Water's Disappearing Act

Do you know, Where the water goes after the rain stops?

Can you explain where the water goes when we sprinkle it on a hot pan while making dosa and it disappears?
A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

The water sprinkled on the hot pan gets converted into steam, which is actually water vapor. Some of this vapor condenses back into water droplets.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Water Vapour in Steam
Water vapour is  not visible  on its own. However, when it condenses into tiny droplets of water, as seen in steam, it becomes visible. 

Evaporation: Water Turning into Vapor

  • The process of converting water into its vapor state is called evaporation.
  • Evaporation occurs continuously, even at room temperature.
  • Examples include drying wet clothes, mopping the floor, and sweat evaporating from our body.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Reason for Water Disappearing from Puddles

Is it because of:
(i)
water seeping into the ground,
(ii) evaporation of water, or
(iii) both.

The answer is (iii) both

Question for Chapter Notes: A Journey through States of Water
Try yourself:
Which process describes the change of water into a gas called water vapor?
View Solution

Another Mystery

Can you explain why water droplets form on a cold water bottle when it's taken out of the fridge?

Water droplets form on the cold water bottle because water vapor in the air touches the cold surface and changes into liquid water. This process is called condensation.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

What is Condensation? 

  • The water droplets form because water vapor in the air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass surface and condenses into liquid water. This process is known as condensation.
  • For example, when warm, moist air from the plants cools down quickly, like on a cold glass or a leaf, the water changes back into liquid water. This is  why you see water droplets on cold surfaces in the morning

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

  • Humidity: Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. 

What are the Different States of Water?

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Water can be seen in three different states in our daily life: solid, liquid, and gas. 

  • Ice (Solid State): Ice keeps its shape no matter what container it is in. It does not flow or spread. For example stones, wood, and glass
  • Water (Liquid State): Water takes the shape of its container, flows, and spreads. It has a constant volume but can change shape.  Water can take the shape of the container used. For examples milk and oil. 
  • Water Vapour (Gaseous State): Water vapour spreads out to fill the entire space available. Gases do not have a fixed shape. Water vapour is present in the air around us, even at room temperature, although we cannot see it. It is produced when water evaporates, such as when clothes dry or floors are mopped. For example air, steam. 
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How can we Change the States of Water?

Can we change the state of water by adding or removing heat? If yes, how?

Yes, we can change the state of water by adding or removing heat. When we heat water, it turns into steam (gas). When we cool water, it turns into ice (solid). By changing the temperature, we can make water switch between liquid, gas, and solid states.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Let’s discuss melting and freezing:

  • Melting: Melting is the process of changing from a solid state (ice) to a liquid state (water).
  • Freezing: Freezing is the process of changing from a liquid state (water) to a solid state (ice).

What is an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) Machine?

  • An Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) machine is a device that produces drinkable water by collecting moisture from humid air. 
  • How Does it Work?: The AWG machine works by cooling the air, which causes the water vapor in the air to condense into liquid water. This process is similar to the way droplets of water form on the outside of a cold glass of ice water.

Question for Chapter Notes: A Journey through States of Water
Try yourself:
What is the process of water changing from a gaseous state to a liquid state?
View Solution

How can water be Evaporated Faster or Slower?

Can you explain why clothes dry faster on a windy day?
A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Clothes dry faster on a windy day because there is more air in contact with the cloths. This air takes away moisture with it and helps increase the rate of evaporation,

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Factors affecting evaporation:

  • Water evaporates faster with higher temperatures, wind, and a larger surface area. 
  • To slow down evaporation, we can lower the temperature, reduce airflow, and cover the surface of the water.
  • These factors control how quickly water changes from liquid to gas.

Humidity on Rainy Days

  • Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air.
  • On rainy days, the air contains more water vapor, which increases  humidity.
  • That's why cloths and sweat take more time to dry on rainy days.
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Cooling Effect of Evaporation

Can you explain why we feel cooler under a fan?

We feel cooler under a fan because the moving air helps evaporate sweat from our skin which takes away heat with it, which cools us down.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Cooling effect of evaporation
When water evaporates, it absorbs heat from its surroundings, causing a cooling effect. This phenomenon can be observed in various daily activities and objects.
Examples:

  • Sweating: When we sweat, the evaporation of sweat from our skin takes away body heat, cooling us down.
  • Earthen Pots: Water seeps through the porous surface of earthen pots and evaporates, keeping the stored water cool.
  • Sprinkling Water: Sprinkling water on the floor or roof in summer can cool the area as the water evaporates.

How Do Clouds Give Us Rain?

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

Role of Condensation in the Water Cycle

  • Condensation is crucial for returning evaporated water to the Earth's surface.
  • As air rises above the Earth's surface, it cools down. When the air cools to a certain point, the water vapor in it condenses into tiny droplets. These droplets usually form around dust particles.
  • The tiny droplets gather together to form clouds. When these droplets combine and become larger, they eventually fall as rain.

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

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Water Availability and Conservation

  • A small portion of Earth's water is suitable for use by plants, animals, and humans. Most of the water is in the oceans and is not directly usable.
  • Water is essential for drinking and various activities. The demand for water is increasing, leading to shortages in many areas.
  • It is important to use water wisely, avoid wastage, and keep water bodies free from pollution.

Why Does Water Vapour in the Air Rise?

When air contains a lot of water vapour, it becomes lighter than the surrounding air. This is similar to how gas balloons  filled with lighter gases rise in the atmosphere. The water vapour  in the air makes it less dense, allowing it to rise higher  in the atmosphere

A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes | Science Class 6

 

Question for Chapter Notes: A Journey through States of Water
Try yourself:
Which of the following factors will increase the rate of evaporation of water?
View Solution

Key Points

  • Evaporation: The process where liquid water changes into water vapour.
  • Condensation: The process where water vapour changes back into liquid water.
  • States of Water: Solid (ice), liquid (water), gas (water vapour).
  • State Changes: Melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), evaporation (liquid to gas), condensation (gas to liquid).
  • Factors Affecting Evaporation: Temperature, surface area, air movement, and humidity.
  • Cooling Effect: Caused by the evaporation of water, taking heat from the surroundings.
  • Cloud and Rain Formation: Through the condensation of water vapour and the combination of water droplets.
  • Water Cycle: This refers to the continuous movement of water between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
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FAQs on A Journey through States of Water Chapter Notes - Science Class 6

1. What are the different states of water?
2. How can we change the states of water?
Ans. The states of water can be changed through temperature and pressure changes. For example, heating ice causes it to melt into liquid water, while further heating the water can turn it into vapor (steam). Conversely, cooling water can freeze it into ice, and cooling vapor can cause condensation, turning it back into liquid water.
3. What factors influence the speed of evaporation?
Ans. The speed of evaporation can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, surface area, air movement, and humidity. Higher temperatures increase the energy of water molecules, leading to faster evaporation. A larger surface area allows more molecules to escape into the air, while increased air movement helps disperse water vapor, enhancing evaporation. Lower humidity levels also promote faster evaporation as the air can absorb more moisture.
4. How do clouds form and lead to rain?
Ans. Clouds form when water vapor in the air cools and condenses into tiny droplets or ice crystals, which group together. As these droplets combine and grow larger, they eventually become heavy enough to fall to the ground as precipitation, such as rain. This process is part of the water cycle, which continuously recycles water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
5. What is the cooling effect of evaporation?
Ans. The cooling effect of evaporation occurs when water molecules on the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to escape into the air as vapor. This process removes heat from the remaining liquid, resulting in a decrease in temperature. This is why sweating cools the body; as sweat evaporates from the skin, it absorbs heat, helping to regulate body temperature.
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