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Boolean Expressions Chapter Notes | AP Computer Science Principles - Grade 9 PDF Download

Introduction

Boolean expressions are a key part of programming in AP Computer Science Principles. They are used to make decisions in code by evaluating to either true or false. This chapter covers Boolean variables, which can only hold true or false values, and explains how to use relational operators to compare values. It also discusses logical operators—NOT, AND, and OR—which help combine or change Boolean conditions. Understanding these concepts is important for controlling how programs make choices based on different situations.

Boolean Variables

Boolean Expressions for AP CSP 2025Boolean variables are simple yet powerful. They can only hold one of two values: true or false. These variables are often used with relational operators to compare two values and determine their relationship.
The relational operators you need to know for the AP CSP exam are:

  • == (equal to)
  • != (not equal to)
  • > (greater than)
  • < (less than)
  • >= (greater than or equal to)
  • <= (less than or equal to)

When you use a relational operator to compare values, the result is a Boolean value (true or false).

Example in Python:


y = 5
x = 55
print(x > y)
# Output: True

This code prints True because 55 is greater than 5.

Logical Operators: NOT, AND, OR

Besides relational operators, Boolean values work with logical operators: NOT, AND, and OR. These allow you to combine or manipulate conditions, unlike relational operators, which focus on single comparisons.

Logical operators process either Boolean expressions or individual Boolean values.

NOT Operator

The NOT operator flips the Boolean result. If the condition is true, NOT makes it false, and vice versa.

Example in Python:
y = 5
x = 55
print(not y >= 5)
# Output: False

Here, y >= 5 is true because y equals 5. The NOT operator reverses this to false.
In pseudocode, the NOT operator is written as:
NOT condition

AND Operator

The AND operator evaluates two conditions and returns true only if both conditions are true.

Example in Python:
y = 5
x = 55
print(y >= 5 and x <= 44)
# Output: False

This prints false because, while y >= 5 is true, x <= 44 is false. Both must be true for AND to return true.
In pseudocode, the AND operator is written as:
condition1 AND condition2

Question for Chapter Notes: Boolean Expressions
Try yourself:
What does the NOT operator do to a Boolean value?
View Solution

OR Operator

The OR operator also evaluates two conditions but returns true if at least one condition is true.

Example in Python:
y = 5
x = 55
print(y >= 5 or x <= 44)
# Output: True

This prints true because y >= 5 is true, even though x <= 44 is false. Only one condition needs to be true for OR.
In pseudocode, the OR operator is written as:
condition1 OR condition2

The document Boolean Expressions Chapter Notes | AP Computer Science Principles - Grade 9 is a part of the Grade 9 Course AP Computer Science Principles.
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FAQs on Boolean Expressions Chapter Notes - AP Computer Science Principles - Grade 9

1. What are Boolean variables and how are they used in programming?
Ans. Boolean variables are data types that can hold one of two possible values: true or false. They are fundamental in programming and are used to control the flow of a program through conditional statements, loops, and logical operations.
2. Can you explain the NOT operator in Boolean logic?
Ans. The NOT operator is a unary operator that inverts the value of a Boolean variable. If the variable is true, applying the NOT operator will make it false, and vice versa. For example, if A is true, then NOT A is false.
3. How does the AND operator work in Boolean expressions?
Ans. The AND operator is a binary operator that requires both operands to be true for the overall expression to be true. If either operand is false, the entire expression evaluates to false. For example, A AND B is true only if both A and B are true.
4. What is the function of the OR operator in Boolean logic?
Ans. The OR operator is also a binary operator that evaluates to true if at least one of its operands is true. The expression is only false if both operands are false. For example, A OR B is true if either A is true, B is true, or both are true.
5. How can Boolean expressions be useful in real-life applications?
Ans. Boolean expressions are used in various applications such as search engines, where they help filter results, in computer security for access controls, and in electronics for designing circuits. They are essential for decision-making processes in software and hardware systems.
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