Directions and Time Chapter Notes | Mathematics for Grade 1 PDF Download

Introduction

We learn about directions to know where things are, like east, west, north, and south. We also learn about time to understand when things happen, like morning, afternoon, evening, and night. This chapter helps us find our way and know the time of the day, months, and days of the week.

Directions

• The sun comes up in the east every morning.
• When we look at the sunrise, we are facing east.
• The west is behind us when we face east, and the sun goes down in the west.
• Our left side is north when we face east.
• Our right side is south when we face east.
• East, west, north, and south are the four main directions.

Fun Fact

Directions that are facing each other are called opposite directions, like east and west, or north and south.

Maps

• A map is a picture or drawing of a place.
• It shows where different places are located.
• Maps help us find our way when we are in a new place.
• We use words like left, right, forward, backward, up, down, behind, or in front to give simple directions.
• For big areas, we use north, south, east, and west to tell directions.

Time

The time from sunrise to sunset is called day. The time from sunset to sunrise is called night.

• Morning: When the sun rises, it is morning.
• Afternoon: When the sun is right above our head, it is noon or midday. The time after midday is called afternoon.
• Evening: Afternoon changes to evening. The sun goes down in the evening.
• Night: When it gets dark, and we see the moon and stars, it is night.

Hours, Minutes and Seconds

• We measure time in hours, minutes, and seconds.
• There are 24 hours in a day.
• Hours are divided into minutes.
• There are 60 minutes in an hour.
• Minutes are divided into seconds.
• There are 60 seconds in a minute.
• We use a clock or a watch to check the time.

Years, Months and Weeks

A year has 365 days, but a leap year has 366 days. A year is divided into months and weeks:

• January
• February
• March
• April
• May
• June

Sing with your teacher

"Thirty days have September, April, June, and November. 
All the rest have thirty-one, except February alone. 
It has twenty-eight days clear, and twenty-nine in each leap year."

Fun Time

• We can count the days of each month using our knuckles.
• The months on the peaks of our knuckles have 31 days.
• The months in the valleys of our knuckles have 30 days, except February.

There are seven days in a week:

1. Sunday
2. Monday
3. Tuesday
4. Wednesday
5. Thursday
6. Friday
7. Saturday

Fun Fact

There are 52 weeks in a year.