Industries Chapter Notes | Social Studies Class 5 ICSE PDF Download

Introduction

Industries are very important for the growth of a country. They help in making useful things from raw materials and provide jobs to many people. In this chapter, we will learn about what industries are, their types, and how they help in development. We will also study the major industries in India and their importance in our lives. Additionally, we will understand how industries can affect the environment and what steps we can take to protect nature.

Industries & Raw materials

• Industriesare very important for a country's growth and development.
  • A country's progress depends a lot on how well its industries are doing.
  • An industry is a place where raw materials are turned into useful finished products.
• Raw materials are the basic things needed to make a product.
  • For example, cotton crop is the raw material used to make a cotton shirt.
  • Another example is sugarcane, which is the raw material used to make sugar.

Types of Industries

• Industries are divided into two main types: large-scale and small-scale, based on their size.
• The size of an industry depends on the amount of money invested, the number of people working, and the amount of products made.

Large-scale Industry

• A large-scale industry needs a lot of money to start.
• It employs a large number of people to work.
• It uses big and advanced machines to make a huge amount of products.
• Examples of large-scale industries are steel plants, oil refineries, fertilizer plants, and automobile factories.

Small-scale Industry

• A small-scale industry needs less money to start compared to a large-scale industry.
• It employs fewer people to work.
• It uses small and simple machines to make products.
• Examples of small-scale industries are weaving, making plastic bags, making matchboxes, and hosiery (making socks and stockings).

Other Industries

Agro-based Industries

• Agro-based industries use farm products as their raw materials.
• Examples of farm products are cotton, jute, and sugarcane.
• Industries like textiles, sugar, paper, and vegetable oil industries are examples of agro-based industries.

Mineral-based Industries

• Mineral-based industries use minerals as their raw materials.
• Examples of minerals are iron, copper, and limestone.
• Industries like iron and steel industry and cement industry are examples of mineral-based industries.

Cottage Industries

• Cottage industries are small industries that are run at home.
• In India, most cottage industries are found in villages.
• People make things at home with little money, using cheap and easily available raw materials.
• Examples of cottage industries are pottery, bamboo and cane work, and handloom weaving.
• These industries are a big source of income for people in villages.

Major Industries in India

Industry is one of the main jobs in India. Many people in India work in different industries across the country.
Let us learn about some of the major large-scale industries in India:

Iron and Steel Industry

• Tools and machines are needed in all industries, and they are made of iron and steel.
• So, the iron and steel industry is very important for all other industries.
• In India, this industry is located in places like Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela, Bokaro, and Jamshedpur.

Fun Fact

The first steel industry in India started in 1870 in Kulti, near Jharia, West Bengal. It was called Bengal Iron Works Company.

Textile Industry

• The textile industry is one of the oldest industries in India.
• It uses different types of cloth materials like silk, cotton, jute, wool, and synthetic fibers to make products.
• India is one of the largest producers of jute and cotton in the world.
• Big textile industries are located in places like Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Surat, and Madurai.
• These places are famous for their textile products.

Fun Fact

Ahmedabad is known as the 'Manchester of India' because of its growth in cotton textile industries.

Sugar Industry

• India is one of the largest sugarcane growers in the world.
• It is also the second largest producer of sugar in the world.
• Sugar is made from sugarcane, which is grown in farms.
• Big sugar mills are located in places like Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Haryana.

Tea Industry

• India is the second largest producer of tea in the world.
• The tea industry in India gives jobs to a large number of people.
• Most tea in India is produced in Assam.
• West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala are also big tea-producing areas.
• These four states together produce more than 50 percent of the total tea in India.

Fun Fact

Assam tea and Darjeeling tea are two popular types of tea produced in India.

Cement Industry

• The cement industry in India started in Tamil Nadu as early as 1904.
• But the systematic manufacturing of cement began in 1914.
• The first cement company was started by the India Cement Company Ltd. at Porbandar, Gujarat.
• Now, there are 124 large cement units and 300 mini cement plants in India.

Mining Industry

• The mining industry is very important for the growth of a country.
• India is a rich source of minerals like iron ore, copper, mica, manganese, coal, and petroleum.
• India is the fourth largest producer of iron ore in the world.

Information Technology (IT) Industry

• The IT industry is also called the software industry or information technology industry.
• It has become one of the fastest-growing industries in India.
• India is known worldwide for its IT and software skills.
• Big IT centers in India are located in cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Pune.

Importance of Industries

• Industries give jobs to many people.
• Products become easily available at a cheaper cost because of industries.
• Industries help improve the economic condition of a country.
• They also help in improving the standard of living for people.

Effects of Growth of Industries

• Science and technology have improved a lot, and industries in India are growing fast.
• This growth has helped India become self-sufficient in making many goods.
• Our lives have become more comfortable because of the products made by industries.
• But, the growth of industries has also caused problems like pollution.
• More industries mean more harmful gases in the air and more waste in the land and water.
• This pollution is affecting our air, water bodies, and the overall environment.
• We need to take steps to balance the growth of industries with protecting nature.

Points To Remember

• Industries are places where raw materials are turned into useful finished products.
• The basic materials needed to make any product are called raw materials.
• Industries are divided into large-scale and small-scale based on their size.
• Industries that use farm products as raw materials are called agro-based industries.
• Industries that use minerals as raw materials are called mineral-based industries.
• Industries like iron and steel, sugar, tea, and cement are some of the major large-scale industries in India.
• We should take steps to make sure that industry growth does not cause too much harm to nature.

Glossary

• Capital: Money invested to start or run an industry.
• Pace: Speed of growth or development.
• Impacted: Affected or influenced by something.