Plant Reproduction Chapter Notes | Eureka Plus Class 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Introduction

• Plants are living things, just like animals and humans.
• They reproduce to increase their numbers.

Flowering Plants

• Most plants around us have flowers.
• These are called flowering plants.
• Flowers develop into fruits.

Seeds

• Most plants produce fruits with seeds.
• Seeds are formed fully when the fruit ripens.
• Seeds have a thin covering called the seed coat.
• Cotyledons are seed leaves containing stored food.
• Plants with two cotyledons are dicots (e.g., bean, pea), and those with one are monocots (e.g., grasses).

Germination of a Seed

• The process of a seed growing into a new plant is called seed germination.
• A ripe, intact seed is needed for germination.
• Requirements: water, warmth, and air.
• Seed absorbs water, and the embryo (baby plant) begins to grow.

Seedling

• Embryo grows, seed absorbs water, and the seed coat splits.
• Root emerges first, absorbing water from the soil.
• Then, the shoot grows, forming the stem and leaves.
• The new plant is called a seedling.
• Cotyledons provide food initially.

Seed Dispersal

• Seeds need to spread away from the mother plant for proper growth.
• Dispersal methods: wind, animals, explosion, water.

Ways of Seed Dispersal

• Wind: Light seeds carried away (e.g., dandelion, Indian elm).
• Animals: Seeds stick to fur or feathers and are carried to new places.
• Explosion: Dried fruits explode, spreading seeds (e.g., ladies’ finger).
• Water: Seeds of water plants float and drift to different places.

New Plants from Roots, Stems, and Leaves

• Some plants form new plants from roots (e.g., sweet potato).
• Others from stems (e.g., tea, rose) or bulbs (e.g., lily, onion).
• Leaves of certain plants give rise to new plants (e.g., Begonia, Bryophyllum).

Non-Flowering Plants

• Trees like cedars, firs, and pines produce cones with seeds.
• Ferns produce spores on the lower surface of their leaves.

Crops

• Farmers grow different crops based on soil, water, and climate.
• Rabi crops in winter (e.g., wheat, gram), Kharif crops in monsoon (e.g., rice, corn).

Agriculture

• Science of growing crops.
• Farmers till soil, sow good quality seeds, irrigate, remove weeds, use pesticides, protect crops from animals, and harvest at the right time.

Storage of Harvested Crops

• Crops are stored in clean places under proper conditions.
• Fruits and vegetables in cold storage, dry grains in granaries.

Conclusion

• Agriculture is essential for food production.
• Dr. MS Swaminathan contributed to the Green Revolution in India, developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice plants.