Chapter Notes - Shapes and Space Notes | Study Mathematics for Class 1: NCERT - Class 1

(A) INSIDE – OUTSIDE
Example 1:

• Outside -

Amit wants to go in the space.
He is standing outside a rocket.

• Inside -

Now, he gets inside the rocket – all set to go !!

Example 2:

• Outside -
  Kitty is playing the game – hide and seek. She is outside the box.
• Inside -
  Now, the Kitty is inside the box. 

Example 3: 
Reema is saying good-bye to her twin sister Seema who is going on a school trip

Reema is outside the train coach. Seema is inside the train coach.

(B) BIG – SMALL
Some objects or persons are big in size. Some are small in size.

Bigger – Smaller

• Any object or person that is large in size is called Bigger.
• Any object or item or person that is small in size is called Smaller.

Example 1:

The bigger pumpkin. The smaller pumpkin

Example 2:

Example 3:
The smaller apple. The bigger apple.

Biggest – Smallest

• Biggest means largest in size when more than 2 objects or things are compared.
• Smallest means smallest in size in size when more than 2 objects or things are compared.

Example 1:

Example 2:

Example 3:

(C) TOP – BOTTOM

Example 1:
Example 2:

The cat unfurled the flag.
Tweety is sitting on the top of the flag. Kitty is at the bottom.

Example 3:

• Top -The girl is on the top of the swing.
• Bottom -

She is now at the bottom. 

(D) NEAR – FAR

Example 1:
Near mean close to an object or person. Far means away from it.

• Near -

The pet dog is near the girl

• Far -

The pet dog is far from the girl.

Example 2:
Tortoise and rabbit had a race. Rabbit slept during the race.

Tortoise is near the finishing line. Rabbit is far from it.
Slow and steady tortoise won the race !!

Nearer – Farther

Example 1:
Nearer and farther are used when comparing 2 objects or persons with another object or person.

• Earth is nearer to the Sun.
• Jupiter is farther from the Sun

Example 2:

Pink bird is nearer to the home. Yellow bird is farther from the home.

Nearest – Farthest

Example 1:
Nearest and farthest are used when comparing more than 2 objects or persons with another object or person.

Lion is nearest to the train engine. Giraffe is farthest from the train engine.

Example 2:

• The old lady is farthest from the ticket counter.
• The kid is nearest to the ticket counter.

(E) ON – UNDER
Example 1:

• On -

The kitty is on the chair.

• Under -

The kitty is under the table

Example 2:

• On -

The flower vase is on the table

• Under - 

Example 3:

The slippers are under the table.

(F) ABOVE – BELOW

Example 1:

The boy is sleeping above the table.

Example 2:
The dog is sleeping below the table.

The lion in blue T-shirt is above. The lion in green T-shirt is below.

Let’s REVISE

(G) SHAPES

2D and 3D Shapes

• 2-D shapes are shapes in two dimensions. These are geometrical shapes like circle, triangle, rectangle and square.
• 3-D shapes are shapes in three dimensions. These are shapes of objects like sphere, cone, cuboid, cube and cylinder.

Shape in 2 Dimensions  (2D)	Shape in 3 Dimensions  (3D)
Circle	Sphere Basket ball
Triangle	Cone Ice-cream cone
Rectangle	Cuboid Shoe box
Square	Cube Rubik cube
	Cylindrical shape Battery cell

Sorting

Sorting means arranging shapes by clubbing all similar shapes together. For example, the following shapes have been sorted.

(H) ROLLING– SLIDING
The shape of an object affects whether it will roll or slide.

• Objects with round shape roll.
• Object with flat surfaces slide

Objects that roll	Objects that slide