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FAQs on Chemical Bonding - Practice Sheet, Class 11, Chemistry - JEE

1. What is chemical bonding?
Ans. Chemical bonding refers to the process of combining two or more atoms together to form molecules or compounds. It involves the sharing, transferring, or rearrangement of electrons between atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration. Chemical bonding is responsible for the formation of various substances and plays a crucial role in determining their physical and chemical properties.
2. What are the different types of chemical bonding?
Ans. There are three major types of chemical bonding: 1. Ionic Bonding: In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. The positively charged ion (cation) attracts the negatively charged ion (anion) and holds them together. 2. Covalent Bonding: In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This type of bonding is commonly observed in nonmetals and involves the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms. 3. Metallic Bonding: Metallic bonding occurs in metals, where the valence electrons are delocalized and shared among all the atoms in the metal lattice. This results in the formation of a "sea of electrons" that holds the metal ions together.
3. How is an ionic bond formed?
Ans. An ionic bond is formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This typically occurs between a metal and a nonmetal. The metal atom loses one or more electrons, becoming a positively charged ion (cation), while the nonmetal atom gains those electrons, becoming a negatively charged ion (anion). The attraction between the oppositely charged ions then forms the ionic bond.
4. What is the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?
Ans. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom, located in its highest energy level or electron shell. They play a crucial role in chemical bonding as they determine the reactivity and bonding behavior of an atom. The number of valence electrons determines the formation of chemical bonds, such as ionic or covalent bonds. Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually with eight valence electrons (octet rule) or two valence electrons (duet rule) for hydrogen and helium.
5. How does electronegativity affect chemical bonding?
Ans. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It plays a significant role in determining the type of chemical bonding that occurs between atoms. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms is large (greater than 1.7), an ionic bond is likely to form. In this case, one atom will attract the shared electrons more strongly, resulting in the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. If the electronegativity difference is small (less than 1.7), a covalent bond is likely to form. In this case, the electrons are shared between the atoms, but they are not transferred completely. If the electronegativity difference is very small (close to zero), the bond is nonpolar covalent, where the electrons are shared equally between the atoms.
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