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Page 1 Grade 12 COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I a) Dil AgNO 3 b) NH 4 OH test II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) SNo. Test a) Aq KOH test (Hydrolysis) Page 2 Grade 12 COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I a) Dil AgNO 3 b) NH 4 OH test II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) SNo. Test a) Aq KOH test (Hydrolysis) Grade 12 III. CHCl 3 vs CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH SNo. Test CHCl 3 CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH a) Carbylamine test No reaction IV. CH 3 – CH 2 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH 3 – O – CH 3 (Ether) SNo. Test CH 3 – CH 2 – OH CH 3 – O – CH 3 a) Na metal test b) Iodoform test (for alcohols having CH 3 –CH – OH) V. SNo. Test Page 3 Grade 12 COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I a) Dil AgNO 3 b) NH 4 OH test II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) SNo. Test a) Aq KOH test (Hydrolysis) Grade 12 III. CHCl 3 vs CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH SNo. Test CHCl 3 CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH a) Carbylamine test No reaction IV. CH 3 – CH 2 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH 3 – O – CH 3 (Ether) SNo. Test CH 3 – CH 2 – OH CH 3 – O – CH 3 a) Na metal test b) Iodoform test (for alcohols having CH 3 –CH – OH) V. SNo. Test Grade 12 a) Lucas Test (Conc. HCl + anhyd ZnCl 2 Turbidity appears on heating Turbidity appears within in 5 – 10 min. Turbidity appears spontaneously No appearance of turbidity b) Iodofor m test c) Br 2 water test d) Neutral FeCl 3 Test e) Litmus Test Turns blue litmus red Page 4 Grade 12 COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I a) Dil AgNO 3 b) NH 4 OH test II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) SNo. Test a) Aq KOH test (Hydrolysis) Grade 12 III. CHCl 3 vs CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH SNo. Test CHCl 3 CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH a) Carbylamine test No reaction IV. CH 3 – CH 2 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH 3 – O – CH 3 (Ether) SNo. Test CH 3 – CH 2 – OH CH 3 – O – CH 3 a) Na metal test b) Iodoform test (for alcohols having CH 3 –CH – OH) V. SNo. Test Grade 12 a) Lucas Test (Conc. HCl + anhyd ZnCl 2 Turbidity appears on heating Turbidity appears within in 5 – 10 min. Turbidity appears spontaneously No appearance of turbidity b) Iodofor m test c) Br 2 water test d) Neutral FeCl 3 Test e) Litmus Test Turns blue litmus red Grade 12 f) Victor Meyer Test VI. SNo. Test a) Litmus Test Turns blue Litmus to red b) Neutral FeCl 3 test Page 5 Grade 12 COMMON DISTINCTION TESTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I. R – Cl vs R – Br vs R – I (R ? alkyl or aryl) SNo. Test R – Cl R – Br R – I a) Dil AgNO 3 b) NH 4 OH test II. Ethylidene chloride (Geminal) vs Ethylene Dichloride (Vicinal) SNo. Test a) Aq KOH test (Hydrolysis) Grade 12 III. CHCl 3 vs CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH SNo. Test CHCl 3 CH 3 Cl/CCl 4 /CH 3 OH a) Carbylamine test No reaction IV. CH 3 – CH 2 – OH (Alcohol) vs CH 3 – O – CH 3 (Ether) SNo. Test CH 3 – CH 2 – OH CH 3 – O – CH 3 a) Na metal test b) Iodoform test (for alcohols having CH 3 –CH – OH) V. SNo. Test Grade 12 a) Lucas Test (Conc. HCl + anhyd ZnCl 2 Turbidity appears on heating Turbidity appears within in 5 – 10 min. Turbidity appears spontaneously No appearance of turbidity b) Iodofor m test c) Br 2 water test d) Neutral FeCl 3 Test e) Litmus Test Turns blue litmus red Grade 12 f) Victor Meyer Test VI. SNo. Test a) Litmus Test Turns blue Litmus to red b) Neutral FeCl 3 test Grade 12 c) Iodoform Test VII. HCHO vs CH 3 CHO SNo. Test HCHO CH 3 CHO a) Iodoform test b) Liquor Ammonia Test VIII. SNo. Test CH 3 CHORead More
FAQs on Class 12 - Chemistry - Organic Distinction Tests
| 1. What are organic distinction tests in chemistry? |  |
| 2. Why are organic distinction tests important in chemistry? | |
Ans. Organic distinction tests are important in chemistry as they provide valuable information about the composition and nature of organic compounds. These tests help in identifying unknown substances, confirming the presence of specific functional groups, and determining the purity of organic compounds.
| 3. What are some common organic distinction tests used in Class 12 chemistry? | |
Ans. Some common organic distinction tests used in Class 12 chemistry include the bromine water test, silver nitrate test, sodium bicarbonate test, ferric chloride test, and the Fehling's test. These tests are conducted to identify the presence of unsaturation, halogens, carboxylic acids, phenols, and aldehydes/ketones in organic compounds.
| 4. How does the bromine water test work as an organic distinction test? | |
Ans. The bromine water test is used to detect the presence of unsaturation in organic compounds. Unsaturated compounds readily react with bromine water, causing the reddish-brown color of bromine water to fade. This color change indicates the presence of double or triple bonds in the tested substance.
| 5. What is the purpose of the silver nitrate test in organic distinction? | |
Ans. The silver nitrate test is used to identify the presence of halogens, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine, in organic compounds. When a halogen is present, it reacts with silver nitrate to form a precipitate. The color and characteristics of the precipitate can help determine the specific halogen present in the tested substance.
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