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Class 12 Economics Question Paper Solved (2023) - 2 | Economics Class 12 - Commerce PDF Download

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 Page 1


    
58/1/2 1  P.T.O. 
narjmWu àíZ-nÌ H$moS> >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ 
_wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ & 
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code 
on the title page of the answer-book. 
A 
 Series HFG1E/1 
  àíZ-nÌ H$moS>    
   
 
 
Q.P. Code   
amob Z§. 
Roll No. 
 
 
AW©emñÌ 
ECONOMICS 
: 3 : 80 
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 
 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 27 h¢ & 
 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE àíZ-nÌ H$moS> H$mo narjmWu CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> 
na {bI| & 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >34 àíZ h¢ & 
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, CÎma-nwpñVH$m _| àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ 
Adí` {bI| & 
 Bg  àíZ-nÌ  Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ &  àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU 
10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm &  10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo 
-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo & 
 Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages. 
 Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be 
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. 
 Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions. 
 Please write down the serial number of the question in the  
answer-book before attempting it. 
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question 
paper  will  be  distributed  at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., 
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any 
answer on the answer-book during this period. 
 
58/1/2
SET-2 
* 
Page 2


    
58/1/2 1  P.T.O. 
narjmWu àíZ-nÌ H$moS> >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ 
_wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ & 
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code 
on the title page of the answer-book. 
A 
 Series HFG1E/1 
  àíZ-nÌ H$moS>    
   
 
 
Q.P. Code   
amob Z§. 
Roll No. 
 
 
AW©emñÌ 
ECONOMICS 
: 3 : 80 
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 
 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 27 h¢ & 
 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE àíZ-nÌ H$moS> H$mo narjmWu CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> 
na {bI| & 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >34 àíZ h¢ & 
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, CÎma-nwpñVH$m _| àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ 
Adí` {bI| & 
 Bg  àíZ-nÌ  Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ &  àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU 
10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm &  10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo 
-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo & 
 Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages. 
 Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be 
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. 
 Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions. 
 Please write down the serial number of the question in the  
answer-book before attempting it. 
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question 
paper  will  be  distributed  at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., 
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any 
answer on the answer-book during this period. 
 
58/1/2
SET-2 
* 
    
58/1/2 2 
: 
: 
(i) 34 
(ii) :
   
(iii) 20 
(iv) 4 I 60 80 
(v) 6 II 80 100 
(vi) : : 4 100 150 
(vii) 
IÊS> H$ 
g_{îQ> AW©emñÌ 
1. :  
1  {H$gr amîQ´> Ûmam AnZo ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) Ho$ KmQ>o H$mo {dÎmnmo{fV H$aZo Ho$ 
{bE {díd ~¢H$ go àmá G$U ny±Or ImVo _| XO© {H$`m OmEJm & 
2  ñdm`Îm boZ-XoZ ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) ImVo H$s Xem go ñdV§Ì hmoVo h¢ & 
{XE JE H$WZm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|, {ZåZ{b{IV _| go ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE : 1 
(a) H$WZ 1 gË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 AgË` h¡ & 
(b) H$WZ 1 AgË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 gË` h¡ & 
(c) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| gË` h¢ & 
(d) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| AgË` h¢ & 
Page 3


    
58/1/2 1  P.T.O. 
narjmWu àíZ-nÌ H$moS> >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ 
_wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ & 
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code 
on the title page of the answer-book. 
A 
 Series HFG1E/1 
  àíZ-nÌ H$moS>    
   
 
 
Q.P. Code   
amob Z§. 
Roll No. 
 
 
AW©emñÌ 
ECONOMICS 
: 3 : 80 
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 
 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 27 h¢ & 
 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE àíZ-nÌ H$moS> H$mo narjmWu CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> 
na {bI| & 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >34 àíZ h¢ & 
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, CÎma-nwpñVH$m _| àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ 
Adí` {bI| & 
 Bg  àíZ-nÌ  Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ &  àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU 
10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm &  10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo 
-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo & 
 Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages. 
 Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be 
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. 
 Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions. 
 Please write down the serial number of the question in the  
answer-book before attempting it. 
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question 
paper  will  be  distributed  at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., 
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any 
answer on the answer-book during this period. 
 
58/1/2
SET-2 
* 
    
58/1/2 2 
: 
: 
(i) 34 
(ii) :
   
(iii) 20 
(iv) 4 I 60 80 
(v) 6 II 80 100 
(vi) : : 4 100 150 
(vii) 
IÊS> H$ 
g_{îQ> AW©emñÌ 
1. :  
1  {H$gr amîQ´> Ûmam AnZo ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) Ho$ KmQ>o H$mo {dÎmnmo{fV H$aZo Ho$ 
{bE {díd ~¢H$ go àmá G$U ny±Or ImVo _| XO© {H$`m OmEJm & 
2  ñdm`Îm boZ-XoZ ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) ImVo H$s Xem go ñdV§Ì hmoVo h¢ & 
{XE JE H$WZm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|, {ZåZ{b{IV _| go ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE : 1 
(a) H$WZ 1 gË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 AgË` h¡ & 
(b) H$WZ 1 AgË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 gË` h¡ & 
(c) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| gË` h¢ & 
(d) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| AgË` h¢ & 
    
58/1/2 3  P.T.O. 
General Instructions : 
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them :  
(i) This question paper contains 34 questions. All questions are compulsory.  
(ii) This question paper contains two Sections : 
 Section A  Macro Economics  
 Section B  Indian Economic Development   
(iii) This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions Type questions of 1 mark 
each. 
(iv) This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions Type-I questions of 3 marks 
each to be answered in 60 to 80 words.   
(v) This paper contains 6 Short Answer Questions Type-II questions of 4 marks 
each to be answered in 80 to 100 words. 
(vi) This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions Type questions of 6 marks each 
to be answered in 100 to 150 words.  
(vii) Attempt all parts of a question together. 
SECTION A 
Macro Economics 
1. Read the following statements carefully :  
Statement 1 : Borrowings by a nation from the World Bank to finance 
Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit will be recorded in the 
capital account. 
Statement 2 : Autonomous transactions are independent of the 
condition of Balance of Payment (BoP) account. 
 In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the 
following : 1 
(a) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. 
(b) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true. 
(c) Both Statements 1 and 2 are true. 
(d) Both Statements 1 and 2 are false. 
Page 4


    
58/1/2 1  P.T.O. 
narjmWu àíZ-nÌ H$moS> >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ 
_wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ & 
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code 
on the title page of the answer-book. 
A 
 Series HFG1E/1 
  àíZ-nÌ H$moS>    
   
 
 
Q.P. Code   
amob Z§. 
Roll No. 
 
 
AW©emñÌ 
ECONOMICS 
: 3 : 80 
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 
 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 27 h¢ & 
 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE àíZ-nÌ H$moS> H$mo narjmWu CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> 
na {bI| & 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >34 àíZ h¢ & 
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, CÎma-nwpñVH$m _| àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ 
Adí` {bI| & 
 Bg  àíZ-nÌ  Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ &  àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU 
10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm &  10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo 
-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo & 
 Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages. 
 Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be 
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. 
 Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions. 
 Please write down the serial number of the question in the  
answer-book before attempting it. 
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question 
paper  will  be  distributed  at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., 
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any 
answer on the answer-book during this period. 
 
58/1/2
SET-2 
* 
    
58/1/2 2 
: 
: 
(i) 34 
(ii) :
   
(iii) 20 
(iv) 4 I 60 80 
(v) 6 II 80 100 
(vi) : : 4 100 150 
(vii) 
IÊS> H$ 
g_{îQ> AW©emñÌ 
1. :  
1  {H$gr amîQ´> Ûmam AnZo ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) Ho$ KmQ>o H$mo {dÎmnmo{fV H$aZo Ho$ 
{bE {díd ~¢H$ go àmá G$U ny±Or ImVo _| XO© {H$`m OmEJm & 
2  ñdm`Îm boZ-XoZ ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) ImVo H$s Xem go ñdV§Ì hmoVo h¢ & 
{XE JE H$WZm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|, {ZåZ{b{IV _| go ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE : 1 
(a) H$WZ 1 gË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 AgË` h¡ & 
(b) H$WZ 1 AgË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 gË` h¡ & 
(c) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| gË` h¢ & 
(d) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| AgË` h¢ & 
    
58/1/2 3  P.T.O. 
General Instructions : 
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them :  
(i) This question paper contains 34 questions. All questions are compulsory.  
(ii) This question paper contains two Sections : 
 Section A  Macro Economics  
 Section B  Indian Economic Development   
(iii) This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions Type questions of 1 mark 
each. 
(iv) This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions Type-I questions of 3 marks 
each to be answered in 60 to 80 words.   
(v) This paper contains 6 Short Answer Questions Type-II questions of 4 marks 
each to be answered in 80 to 100 words. 
(vi) This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions Type questions of 6 marks each 
to be answered in 100 to 150 words.  
(vii) Attempt all parts of a question together. 
SECTION A 
Macro Economics 
1. Read the following statements carefully :  
Statement 1 : Borrowings by a nation from the World Bank to finance 
Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit will be recorded in the 
capital account. 
Statement 2 : Autonomous transactions are independent of the 
condition of Balance of Payment (BoP) account. 
 In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the 
following : 1 
(a) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. 
(b) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true. 
(c) Both Statements 1 and 2 are true. 
(d) Both Statements 1 and 2 are false. 
    
58/1/2 4 
gmYZ ^wJVmZ 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
gmYZ godmE±  
gmYZ ^wJVmZ 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
\$_] J¥hñW 
Cn^moJ ì`` 
Cn^moJ ì`` 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
\$_] J¥hñW 
\$_] J¥hñW 
\$_] J¥hñW 
2. (H$) ~mµOma _yë` na amîQ´>r` Am` d gmYZ bmJV na amîQ´>r` Am` H$m A§Va 
__________ hmoVm h¡ &   ([aº$ ñWmZ ^aZo Ho$ {bE ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE) 1 
(a) ewÕ AàË`j H$a  
(b) {dXoem| go àmá ewÕ gmYZ Am` 
(c) ñWm`r n±yOr H$m Cn^moJ  
(d) ~mµOma _yë` 
 AWdm 
(I) nhMm{ZE {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV _| go H$m¡Z-gm Ho$db dmñV{dH$ àdmh H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ ? 1 
 
(a)
  
   
(b)
  
 
(c)
  
     
(d)
  
Page 5


    
58/1/2 1  P.T.O. 
narjmWu àíZ-nÌ H$moS> >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ 
_wI-n¥ð >na Adí` {bIo§ & 
Candidates must write the Q.P. Code 
on the title page of the answer-book. 
A 
 Series HFG1E/1 
  àíZ-nÌ H$moS>    
   
 
 
Q.P. Code   
amob Z§. 
Roll No. 
 
 
AW©emñÌ 
ECONOMICS 
: 3 : 80 
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 80 
 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 27 h¢ & 
 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE àíZ-nÌ H$moS> H$mo narjmWu CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> 
na {bI| & 
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >34 àíZ h¢ & 
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, CÎma-nwpñVH$m _| àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ 
Adí` {bI| & 
 Bg  àíZ-nÌ  Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ &  àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU 
10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm &  10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo 
-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo & 
 Please check that this question paper contains 27 printed pages. 
 Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be 
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate. 
 Please check that this question paper contains 34 questions. 
 Please write down the serial number of the question in the  
answer-book before attempting it. 
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question 
paper  will  be  distributed  at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., 
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any 
answer on the answer-book during this period. 
 
58/1/2
SET-2 
* 
    
58/1/2 2 
: 
: 
(i) 34 
(ii) :
   
(iii) 20 
(iv) 4 I 60 80 
(v) 6 II 80 100 
(vi) : : 4 100 150 
(vii) 
IÊS> H$ 
g_{îQ> AW©emñÌ 
1. :  
1  {H$gr amîQ´> Ûmam AnZo ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) Ho$ KmQ>o H$mo {dÎmnmo{fV H$aZo Ho$ 
{bE {díd ~¢H$ go àmá G$U ny±Or ImVo _| XO© {H$`m OmEJm & 
2  ñdm`Îm boZ-XoZ ^wJVmZ g§VwbZ (BoP) ImVo H$s Xem go ñdV§Ì hmoVo h¢ & 
{XE JE H$WZm| Ho$ AmbmoH$ _|, {ZåZ{b{IV _| go ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE : 1 
(a) H$WZ 1 gË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 AgË` h¡ & 
(b) H$WZ 1 AgË` h¡ Am¡a H$WZ 2 gË` h¡ & 
(c) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| gË` h¢ & 
(d) H$WZ 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm| AgË` h¢ & 
    
58/1/2 3  P.T.O. 
General Instructions : 
Read the following instructions carefully and strictly follow them :  
(i) This question paper contains 34 questions. All questions are compulsory.  
(ii) This question paper contains two Sections : 
 Section A  Macro Economics  
 Section B  Indian Economic Development   
(iii) This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions Type questions of 1 mark 
each. 
(iv) This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions Type-I questions of 3 marks 
each to be answered in 60 to 80 words.   
(v) This paper contains 6 Short Answer Questions Type-II questions of 4 marks 
each to be answered in 80 to 100 words. 
(vi) This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions Type questions of 6 marks each 
to be answered in 100 to 150 words.  
(vii) Attempt all parts of a question together. 
SECTION A 
Macro Economics 
1. Read the following statements carefully :  
Statement 1 : Borrowings by a nation from the World Bank to finance 
Balance of Payment (BoP) deficit will be recorded in the 
capital account. 
Statement 2 : Autonomous transactions are independent of the 
condition of Balance of Payment (BoP) account. 
 In light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the 
following : 1 
(a) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. 
(b) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true. 
(c) Both Statements 1 and 2 are true. 
(d) Both Statements 1 and 2 are false. 
    
58/1/2 4 
gmYZ ^wJVmZ 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
gmYZ godmE±  
gmYZ ^wJVmZ 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
\$_] J¥hñW 
Cn^moJ ì`` 
Cn^moJ ì`` 
dñVwE± d godmE± 
\$_] J¥hñW 
\$_] J¥hñW 
\$_] J¥hñW 
2. (H$) ~mµOma _yë` na amîQ´>r` Am` d gmYZ bmJV na amîQ´>r` Am` H$m A§Va 
__________ hmoVm h¡ &   ([aº$ ñWmZ ^aZo Ho$ {bE ghr {dH$ën H$m M`Z H$s{OE) 1 
(a) ewÕ AàË`j H$a  
(b) {dXoem| go àmá ewÕ gmYZ Am` 
(c) ñWm`r n±yOr H$m Cn^moJ  
(d) ~mµOma _yë` 
 AWdm 
(I) nhMm{ZE {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV _| go H$m¡Z-gm Ho$db dmñV{dH$ àdmh H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ ? 1 
 
(a)
  
   
(b)
  
 
(c)
  
     
(d)
  
    
58/1/2 5  P.T.O. 
 Goods and Services 
Factor payments 
 
Goods and Services 
Factor services 
 
Factor payments 
 Goods and Services 
Consumption Expenditure 
Consumption Expenditure 
2. (A) The difference between National Income at market price and 
National Income at factor cost is ________.           
   (Choose the correct alternative to fill up the blank)   1 
(a) net indirect taxes 
(b) net factor income from abroad 
(c) consumption of fixed capital 
(d) market price 
   OR 
(B) Identify which of the following represents only the real flow :  1 
 
(a)
  
   
(b)
  
 
(c)
  
 
(d)
  
 Firms   Household 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Firms   Household 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Firms   Household 
 
 
 
 
 Firms   Household 
 
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FAQs on Class 12 Economics Question Paper Solved (2023) - 2 - Economics Class 12 - Commerce

1. What are the main objectives of macroeconomics?
Ans. The main objectives of macroeconomics are to study the overall economy's performance, analyze economic growth, understand the causes of inflation and unemployment, and formulate policies to achieve stable economic conditions.
2. How does microeconomics differ from macroeconomics?
Ans. Microeconomics focuses on individual economic units like households and firms, while macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole, looking at aggregate indicators such as GDP, inflation, and unemployment.
3. What is the significance of studying national income in macroeconomics?
Ans. Studying national income in macroeconomics helps policymakers assess a country's economic performance, analyze income distribution, measure economic growth, and formulate appropriate fiscal and monetary policies.
4. What role do government policies play in macroeconomics?
Ans. Government policies in macroeconomics aim to stabilize the economy by controlling inflation, reducing unemployment, promoting economic growth, and ensuring overall economic stability through fiscal and monetary measures.
5. How does international trade impact macroeconomic variables?
Ans. International trade affects macroeconomic variables such as GDP, inflation, and employment levels through changes in exports and imports, exchange rates, and trade policies, influencing a country's overall economic performance.
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