Class 12 Geography: CBSE Marking Scheme (2024-25) | Geography Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
Geography (029) 
Marking Scheme  
Class: XII-2024 – 25 
 
Q.N Section A Marks 
                      There are 17 questions in this section.   
1  Ans. C.  -The number of small children who are underweight 1 
2 Ans: B 
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
1 
3 Ans: A i, ii, iv 1 
4 Ans: C         i, ii, iii, iv 1 
5 
Ans: B  Trade liberalization 
1 
6 Ans: C      3, 2, 1, 4 1 
7 Ans: C Phase III 1951-1981 1 
8 Ans: A        To protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. 1 
9 Ans: B   Both (A) and I are true and I is the correct explanation of (A). 1 
10 Ans: D     Statement IV 1 
11 Ans: D   Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1 
12 Ans: C 
 
C Maharashtra 3 Korba 
 
1 
13 Ans: A Both I and III 
 
1 
14 Ans: B     The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and 
rail under bridges. 
1 
15 Ans: D      China 1 
16 Ans: D- Nigeria 
For Visually Challenged students 
Ans: B - The arrangement or spread of people across a given area. 
1 
17 Ans: C 
Asia 
1 
 Section-B 
Question 18 & 19 are Source based questions. (2X3=6) 
18  (I) Travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. 
 (II) The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India. 
(III) Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered 
jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). 
 
Besides, many local people are employed to provide services like accommodation, 
meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. 
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft 
industries (souvenirs). 
1+1+1
=3 
Page 2


1                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
Geography (029) 
Marking Scheme  
Class: XII-2024 – 25 
 
Q.N Section A Marks 
                      There are 17 questions in this section.   
1  Ans. C.  -The number of small children who are underweight 1 
2 Ans: B 
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
1 
3 Ans: A i, ii, iv 1 
4 Ans: C         i, ii, iii, iv 1 
5 
Ans: B  Trade liberalization 
1 
6 Ans: C      3, 2, 1, 4 1 
7 Ans: C Phase III 1951-1981 1 
8 Ans: A        To protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. 1 
9 Ans: B   Both (A) and I are true and I is the correct explanation of (A). 1 
10 Ans: D     Statement IV 1 
11 Ans: D   Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1 
12 Ans: C 
 
C Maharashtra 3 Korba 
 
1 
13 Ans: A Both I and III 
 
1 
14 Ans: B     The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and 
rail under bridges. 
1 
15 Ans: D      China 1 
16 Ans: D- Nigeria 
For Visually Challenged students 
Ans: B - The arrangement or spread of people across a given area. 
1 
17 Ans: C 
Asia 
1 
 Section-B 
Question 18 & 19 are Source based questions. (2X3=6) 
18  (I) Travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. 
 (II) The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India. 
(III) Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered 
jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). 
 
Besides, many local people are employed to provide services like accommodation, 
meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. 
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft 
industries (souvenirs). 
1+1+1
=3 
2                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
19  (I) Between 0.700 up to 0.699 
 (II) High Literacy rate, Low Birth rate and death Rate, High life expectancy 
 (III) Countries with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defense 
rather than social sectors. These countries tend to be located in areas of political 
turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of 
diseases. They have not been able to initiate accelerated economic development. 
1+1+1
=3 
 
 SECTION C  
 Question No.20-23 are Short Answer type questions 
(4X3=12) 
 
20 Humanization of nature. 
i. With the passage of time people begin to understand their environment and the 
forces of nature. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and 
more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. 
ii. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The 
human activities create cultural landscape. 
iii. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on 
highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling 
hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the 
space. The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. 
iv. Nature provides opportunities and human being make use of these and slowly 
nature gets humanized and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour. 
 
OR 
Neo determinism 
i. Traffic is regulated by lights on the cross-roads. Red light means ‘stop’, amber light 
provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’. 
ii. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity 
(environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom 
(possibilism). 
iii. It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to 
respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when 
nature permits the modifications. 
iv. It means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the 
environment and there is no free run without accidents. The free run which the 
developed economies attempted to take has already resulted in the greenhouse 
effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading 
lands. 
Any three points 
3 
21 (I) Mediterranean Sea and Red  
(II) This sea-route reduces direct distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared 
to the Cape of Good Hope route. 
(III) It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. 
? About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. 
The tolls are so heavy. 
? A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia there is a branch line to 
Cairo. 
?  A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia 
to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez. 
Any one point. 
1+1+1
=3 
Page 3


1                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
Geography (029) 
Marking Scheme  
Class: XII-2024 – 25 
 
Q.N Section A Marks 
                      There are 17 questions in this section.   
1  Ans. C.  -The number of small children who are underweight 1 
2 Ans: B 
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
1 
3 Ans: A i, ii, iv 1 
4 Ans: C         i, ii, iii, iv 1 
5 
Ans: B  Trade liberalization 
1 
6 Ans: C      3, 2, 1, 4 1 
7 Ans: C Phase III 1951-1981 1 
8 Ans: A        To protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. 1 
9 Ans: B   Both (A) and I are true and I is the correct explanation of (A). 1 
10 Ans: D     Statement IV 1 
11 Ans: D   Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1 
12 Ans: C 
 
C Maharashtra 3 Korba 
 
1 
13 Ans: A Both I and III 
 
1 
14 Ans: B     The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and 
rail under bridges. 
1 
15 Ans: D      China 1 
16 Ans: D- Nigeria 
For Visually Challenged students 
Ans: B - The arrangement or spread of people across a given area. 
1 
17 Ans: C 
Asia 
1 
 Section-B 
Question 18 & 19 are Source based questions. (2X3=6) 
18  (I) Travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. 
 (II) The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India. 
(III) Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered 
jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). 
 
Besides, many local people are employed to provide services like accommodation, 
meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. 
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft 
industries (souvenirs). 
1+1+1
=3 
2                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
19  (I) Between 0.700 up to 0.699 
 (II) High Literacy rate, Low Birth rate and death Rate, High life expectancy 
 (III) Countries with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defense 
rather than social sectors. These countries tend to be located in areas of political 
turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of 
diseases. They have not been able to initiate accelerated economic development. 
1+1+1
=3 
 
 SECTION C  
 Question No.20-23 are Short Answer type questions 
(4X3=12) 
 
20 Humanization of nature. 
i. With the passage of time people begin to understand their environment and the 
forces of nature. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and 
more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. 
ii. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The 
human activities create cultural landscape. 
iii. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on 
highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling 
hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the 
space. The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. 
iv. Nature provides opportunities and human being make use of these and slowly 
nature gets humanized and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour. 
 
OR 
Neo determinism 
i. Traffic is regulated by lights on the cross-roads. Red light means ‘stop’, amber light 
provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’. 
ii. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity 
(environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom 
(possibilism). 
iii. It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to 
respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when 
nature permits the modifications. 
iv. It means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the 
environment and there is no free run without accidents. The free run which the 
developed economies attempted to take has already resulted in the greenhouse 
effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading 
lands. 
Any three points 
3 
21 (I) Mediterranean Sea and Red  
(II) This sea-route reduces direct distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared 
to the Cape of Good Hope route. 
(III) It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. 
? About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. 
The tolls are so heavy. 
? A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia there is a branch line to 
Cairo. 
?  A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia 
to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez. 
Any one point. 
1+1+1
=3 
3                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates Only In lieu of 
Question No. 21. 
Ans (I) The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific 
Ocean in the west. 
Ans (II) It has a six- lock system and ships cross the different levels (26 m up and 
down) through these locks before entering the Gulf of Panama. 
Ans (III) It shortens the distance between New York and San Francisco by 13,000 
km by sea. The distance between Western Europe and the West-coast of U.S.A.; 
and North-eastern and Central U.S.A. and East and South-east Asia is shortened. 
 
22 Ans: One of the features of Smart Cities is: 
i. To apply smart solutions to infrastructure and services. 
ii. Making city less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources and providing 
cheaper services. 
iii. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development. 
Any other relevant point. 
3 
23 Ans: The share of adolescents (ages 10 -19) is about 20.9 percent of the population. 
The adolescent population though regarded as the youthful population having high 
potential, is quite vulnerable if not guided properly. 
 
i. There are many challenges for the society as far as adolescents are concerned 
such as, marriage at a young age, illiteracy (especially in females), school 
dropouts, low intake of nutrients, high rate of mortality of adolescent mothers, 
high rates of HIV/AIDS infections, physical or mental retardedness, drug abuse, 
alcoholism, juvenile delinquency, and committing crimes. 
ii. The government of India has undertaken certain policies to impart proper 
education to the adolescents so their talents are better channelized and properly 
utilised.  
iii. The National Youth Policy looks into the overall development of our large youth. 
It stresses on an all-round improvement of the youth and adolescents enabling 
them to shoulder responsibility towards constructive development of the country.  
 
2+1 
 Section D 
Question numbers 24 to 28 are Long Answer based questions.(5X5=25) 
24 Ans: Food gathering as an economic activity: 
Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves 
primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to      satisfy their needs 
for food, shelter and clothing. 
i. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at 
very low level of technology. 
ii. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. 
iii. In modern times some gathering is market- oriented and has become commercial. 
iv. Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees and medicinal plants 
and after simple processing sell the products in the market. 
v. They use various parts of the plants, for example, the bark is used for quinine, tanin 
extract and cork— leaves supply materials for beverages, drugs, cosmetics, fibres, 
3+2=5 
Page 4


1                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
Geography (029) 
Marking Scheme  
Class: XII-2024 – 25 
 
Q.N Section A Marks 
                      There are 17 questions in this section.   
1  Ans. C.  -The number of small children who are underweight 1 
2 Ans: B 
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
1 
3 Ans: A i, ii, iv 1 
4 Ans: C         i, ii, iii, iv 1 
5 
Ans: B  Trade liberalization 
1 
6 Ans: C      3, 2, 1, 4 1 
7 Ans: C Phase III 1951-1981 1 
8 Ans: A        To protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. 1 
9 Ans: B   Both (A) and I are true and I is the correct explanation of (A). 1 
10 Ans: D     Statement IV 1 
11 Ans: D   Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1 
12 Ans: C 
 
C Maharashtra 3 Korba 
 
1 
13 Ans: A Both I and III 
 
1 
14 Ans: B     The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and 
rail under bridges. 
1 
15 Ans: D      China 1 
16 Ans: D- Nigeria 
For Visually Challenged students 
Ans: B - The arrangement or spread of people across a given area. 
1 
17 Ans: C 
Asia 
1 
 Section-B 
Question 18 & 19 are Source based questions. (2X3=6) 
18  (I) Travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. 
 (II) The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India. 
(III) Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered 
jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). 
 
Besides, many local people are employed to provide services like accommodation, 
meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. 
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft 
industries (souvenirs). 
1+1+1
=3 
2                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
19  (I) Between 0.700 up to 0.699 
 (II) High Literacy rate, Low Birth rate and death Rate, High life expectancy 
 (III) Countries with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defense 
rather than social sectors. These countries tend to be located in areas of political 
turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of 
diseases. They have not been able to initiate accelerated economic development. 
1+1+1
=3 
 
 SECTION C  
 Question No.20-23 are Short Answer type questions 
(4X3=12) 
 
20 Humanization of nature. 
i. With the passage of time people begin to understand their environment and the 
forces of nature. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and 
more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. 
ii. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The 
human activities create cultural landscape. 
iii. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on 
highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling 
hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the 
space. The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. 
iv. Nature provides opportunities and human being make use of these and slowly 
nature gets humanized and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour. 
 
OR 
Neo determinism 
i. Traffic is regulated by lights on the cross-roads. Red light means ‘stop’, amber light 
provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’. 
ii. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity 
(environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom 
(possibilism). 
iii. It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to 
respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when 
nature permits the modifications. 
iv. It means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the 
environment and there is no free run without accidents. The free run which the 
developed economies attempted to take has already resulted in the greenhouse 
effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading 
lands. 
Any three points 
3 
21 (I) Mediterranean Sea and Red  
(II) This sea-route reduces direct distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared 
to the Cape of Good Hope route. 
(III) It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. 
? About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. 
The tolls are so heavy. 
? A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia there is a branch line to 
Cairo. 
?  A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia 
to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez. 
Any one point. 
1+1+1
=3 
3                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates Only In lieu of 
Question No. 21. 
Ans (I) The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific 
Ocean in the west. 
Ans (II) It has a six- lock system and ships cross the different levels (26 m up and 
down) through these locks before entering the Gulf of Panama. 
Ans (III) It shortens the distance between New York and San Francisco by 13,000 
km by sea. The distance between Western Europe and the West-coast of U.S.A.; 
and North-eastern and Central U.S.A. and East and South-east Asia is shortened. 
 
22 Ans: One of the features of Smart Cities is: 
i. To apply smart solutions to infrastructure and services. 
ii. Making city less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources and providing 
cheaper services. 
iii. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development. 
Any other relevant point. 
3 
23 Ans: The share of adolescents (ages 10 -19) is about 20.9 percent of the population. 
The adolescent population though regarded as the youthful population having high 
potential, is quite vulnerable if not guided properly. 
 
i. There are many challenges for the society as far as adolescents are concerned 
such as, marriage at a young age, illiteracy (especially in females), school 
dropouts, low intake of nutrients, high rate of mortality of adolescent mothers, 
high rates of HIV/AIDS infections, physical or mental retardedness, drug abuse, 
alcoholism, juvenile delinquency, and committing crimes. 
ii. The government of India has undertaken certain policies to impart proper 
education to the adolescents so their talents are better channelized and properly 
utilised.  
iii. The National Youth Policy looks into the overall development of our large youth. 
It stresses on an all-round improvement of the youth and adolescents enabling 
them to shoulder responsibility towards constructive development of the country.  
 
2+1 
 Section D 
Question numbers 24 to 28 are Long Answer based questions.(5X5=25) 
24 Ans: Food gathering as an economic activity: 
Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves 
primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to      satisfy their needs 
for food, shelter and clothing. 
i. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at 
very low level of technology. 
ii. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. 
iii. In modern times some gathering is market- oriented and has become commercial. 
iv. Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees and medicinal plants 
and after simple processing sell the products in the market. 
v. They use various parts of the plants, for example, the bark is used for quinine, tanin 
extract and cork— leaves supply materials for beverages, drugs, cosmetics, fibres, 
3+2=5 
4                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
thatch and fabrics; nuts for food and oils and tree trunk yield rubber, balata, gums 
and resins. 
Any three points of comparison. 
Why food gathering has little chance of becoming important at the global level? 
i. Gathering has little chance of becoming important at the global level. Products of 
such an activity cannot compete in the world market. 
ii. Moreover, synthetic products often of better quality and at lower prices, have 
replaced many items supplied by the gatherers in tropical forests. 
 
    25 Ans A: The factors contributing to the decline of traditional large-scale industries: 
 
i. Technological advancement: Automation and improved efficiency have transformed 
the industrial landscape, making manual labor less necessary. This has particularly 
impacted labor-intensive sectors like textiles, where automation has replaced many 
traditional roles.   
ii. Globalization: The opening of markets and increased competition from foreign 
companies, often with lower production costs, have posed significant challenges to 
domestic industries. The steel industry's struggle against cheaper imports is a 
prominent example of this phenomenon. 
iii. Changing consumer preferences: Consumer demand for more innovative and 
readily available products has shifted away from traditional goods. This shift can be 
seen in the declining demand for handmade textiles, which are often perceived as 
costlier and less accessible compared to machine-made alternatives. 
iv. Environmental regulations: Increasing environmental awareness has necessitated 
cleaner production methods, adding to production costs for traditional industries. 
Compliance with stringent environmental standards has further impacted their 
competitiveness. 
v. Infrastructural bottlenecks: Inadequate infrastructure, particularly in terms of 
transportation, power, and water supply, has hampered the growth of traditional 
industries. This has resulted in disruptions to production processes, as seen in 
instances of power cuts affecting manufacturing units. 
vi. Demographic changes: Urbanization and rural-to-urban migration have led to labor 
shortages in Rural areas where many traditional industries are located. Higher 
urban wages and changing lifestyles have made it challenging for these industries 
to sustain their operations. 
 
Any other relevant point 
 
Ans B: Access to transportation and communication facilities are essential for the 
development of industries: 
 
i. Speedy and efficient transport facilities to carry raw materials to the factory and to 
move finished goods to the market are essential for the development of industries. 
ii. The cost of transport plays an important role in the location of industrial units. 
iii. Western Europe and eastern North America have a highly developed transport 
system which has always induced the concentration of industries in these areas. 
iv. Modern industry is inseparably tied to transportation systems. 
v. Improvements in transportation led to integrated economic development and 
regional specialization of manufacturing. 
 
   5 
Page 5


1                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
Geography (029) 
Marking Scheme  
Class: XII-2024 – 25 
 
Q.N Section A Marks 
                      There are 17 questions in this section.   
1  Ans. C.  -The number of small children who are underweight 1 
2 Ans: B 
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
1 
3 Ans: A i, ii, iv 1 
4 Ans: C         i, ii, iii, iv 1 
5 
Ans: B  Trade liberalization 
1 
6 Ans: C      3, 2, 1, 4 1 
7 Ans: C Phase III 1951-1981 1 
8 Ans: A        To protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency. 1 
9 Ans: B   Both (A) and I are true and I is the correct explanation of (A). 1 
10 Ans: D     Statement IV 1 
11 Ans: D   Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) 1 
12 Ans: C 
 
C Maharashtra 3 Korba 
 
1 
13 Ans: A Both I and III 
 
1 
14 Ans: B     The construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges and 
rail under bridges. 
1 
15 Ans: D      China 1 
16 Ans: D- Nigeria 
For Visually Challenged students 
Ans: B - The arrangement or spread of people across a given area. 
1 
17 Ans: C 
Asia 
1 
 Section-B 
Question 18 & 19 are Source based questions. (2X3=6) 
18  (I) Travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business. 
 (II) The Mediterranean Coast and the West Coast of India. 
(III) Tourism has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered 
jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP). 
 
Besides, many local people are employed to provide services like accommodation, 
meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists. 
Tourism fosters the growth of infrastructure industries, retail trading, and craft 
industries (souvenirs). 
1+1+1
=3 
2                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
19  (I) Between 0.700 up to 0.699 
 (II) High Literacy rate, Low Birth rate and death Rate, High life expectancy 
 (III) Countries with low levels of human development tend to spend more on defense 
rather than social sectors. These countries tend to be located in areas of political 
turmoil and social instability in the form of civil war, famine or a high incidence of 
diseases. They have not been able to initiate accelerated economic development. 
1+1+1
=3 
 
 SECTION C  
 Question No.20-23 are Short Answer type questions 
(4X3=12) 
 
20 Humanization of nature. 
i. With the passage of time people begin to understand their environment and the 
forces of nature. With social and cultural development, humans develop better and 
more efficient technology. They move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. 
ii. They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. The 
human activities create cultural landscape. 
iii. The imprints of human activities are created everywhere; health resorts on 
highlands, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards and pastures in plains and rolling 
hills, ports on the coasts, oceanic routes on the oceanic surface and satellites in the 
space. The earlier scholars termed this as possibilism. 
iv. Nature provides opportunities and human being make use of these and slowly 
nature gets humanized and starts bearing the imprints of human endeavour. 
 
OR 
Neo determinism 
i. Traffic is regulated by lights on the cross-roads. Red light means ‘stop’, amber light 
provides a gap between red and green lights ‘to get set’ and green light means ‘go’. 
ii. The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity 
(environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom 
(possibilism). 
iii. It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to 
respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when 
nature permits the modifications. 
iv. It means that possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the 
environment and there is no free run without accidents. The free run which the 
developed economies attempted to take has already resulted in the greenhouse 
effect, ozone layer depletion, global warming, receding glaciers and degrading 
lands. 
Any three points 
3 
21 (I) Mediterranean Sea and Red  
(II) This sea-route reduces direct distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared 
to the Cape of Good Hope route. 
(III) It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. 
? About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. 
The tolls are so heavy. 
? A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia there is a branch line to 
Cairo. 
?  A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia 
to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez. 
Any one point. 
1+1+1
=3 
3                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates Only In lieu of 
Question No. 21. 
Ans (I) The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific 
Ocean in the west. 
Ans (II) It has a six- lock system and ships cross the different levels (26 m up and 
down) through these locks before entering the Gulf of Panama. 
Ans (III) It shortens the distance between New York and San Francisco by 13,000 
km by sea. The distance between Western Europe and the West-coast of U.S.A.; 
and North-eastern and Central U.S.A. and East and South-east Asia is shortened. 
 
22 Ans: One of the features of Smart Cities is: 
i. To apply smart solutions to infrastructure and services. 
ii. Making city less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources and providing 
cheaper services. 
iii. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development. 
Any other relevant point. 
3 
23 Ans: The share of adolescents (ages 10 -19) is about 20.9 percent of the population. 
The adolescent population though regarded as the youthful population having high 
potential, is quite vulnerable if not guided properly. 
 
i. There are many challenges for the society as far as adolescents are concerned 
such as, marriage at a young age, illiteracy (especially in females), school 
dropouts, low intake of nutrients, high rate of mortality of adolescent mothers, 
high rates of HIV/AIDS infections, physical or mental retardedness, drug abuse, 
alcoholism, juvenile delinquency, and committing crimes. 
ii. The government of India has undertaken certain policies to impart proper 
education to the adolescents so their talents are better channelized and properly 
utilised.  
iii. The National Youth Policy looks into the overall development of our large youth. 
It stresses on an all-round improvement of the youth and adolescents enabling 
them to shoulder responsibility towards constructive development of the country.  
 
2+1 
 Section D 
Question numbers 24 to 28 are Long Answer based questions.(5X5=25) 
24 Ans: Food gathering as an economic activity: 
Gathering is practised in regions with harsh climatic conditions. It often involves 
primitive societies, who extract, both plants and animals to      satisfy their needs 
for food, shelter and clothing. 
i. This type of activity requires a small amount of capital investment and operates at 
very low level of technology. 
ii. The yield per person is very low and little or no surplus is produced. 
iii. In modern times some gathering is market- oriented and has become commercial. 
iv. Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees and medicinal plants 
and after simple processing sell the products in the market. 
v. They use various parts of the plants, for example, the bark is used for quinine, tanin 
extract and cork— leaves supply materials for beverages, drugs, cosmetics, fibres, 
3+2=5 
4                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
thatch and fabrics; nuts for food and oils and tree trunk yield rubber, balata, gums 
and resins. 
Any three points of comparison. 
Why food gathering has little chance of becoming important at the global level? 
i. Gathering has little chance of becoming important at the global level. Products of 
such an activity cannot compete in the world market. 
ii. Moreover, synthetic products often of better quality and at lower prices, have 
replaced many items supplied by the gatherers in tropical forests. 
 
    25 Ans A: The factors contributing to the decline of traditional large-scale industries: 
 
i. Technological advancement: Automation and improved efficiency have transformed 
the industrial landscape, making manual labor less necessary. This has particularly 
impacted labor-intensive sectors like textiles, where automation has replaced many 
traditional roles.   
ii. Globalization: The opening of markets and increased competition from foreign 
companies, often with lower production costs, have posed significant challenges to 
domestic industries. The steel industry's struggle against cheaper imports is a 
prominent example of this phenomenon. 
iii. Changing consumer preferences: Consumer demand for more innovative and 
readily available products has shifted away from traditional goods. This shift can be 
seen in the declining demand for handmade textiles, which are often perceived as 
costlier and less accessible compared to machine-made alternatives. 
iv. Environmental regulations: Increasing environmental awareness has necessitated 
cleaner production methods, adding to production costs for traditional industries. 
Compliance with stringent environmental standards has further impacted their 
competitiveness. 
v. Infrastructural bottlenecks: Inadequate infrastructure, particularly in terms of 
transportation, power, and water supply, has hampered the growth of traditional 
industries. This has resulted in disruptions to production processes, as seen in 
instances of power cuts affecting manufacturing units. 
vi. Demographic changes: Urbanization and rural-to-urban migration have led to labor 
shortages in Rural areas where many traditional industries are located. Higher 
urban wages and changing lifestyles have made it challenging for these industries 
to sustain their operations. 
 
Any other relevant point 
 
Ans B: Access to transportation and communication facilities are essential for the 
development of industries: 
 
i. Speedy and efficient transport facilities to carry raw materials to the factory and to 
move finished goods to the market are essential for the development of industries. 
ii. The cost of transport plays an important role in the location of industrial units. 
iii. Western Europe and eastern North America have a highly developed transport 
system which has always induced the concentration of industries in these areas. 
iv. Modern industry is inseparably tied to transportation systems. 
v. Improvements in transportation led to integrated economic development and 
regional specialization of manufacturing. 
 
   5 
5                                                                                                                                                                       MS- GEOGRAPHY-2024-25 
 
26 Ans A: The benefits derived from Integrated Tribal development Project 
implemented in Bharmaur Region. 
i. The Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur 
was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) 
in Himachal Pradesh. 
ii. This area development plan was aimed at improving the quality of life of the 
Gaddis. 
iii. This plan laid the highest priority on development of transport and 
communications, agriculture and allied activities, and social and community 
services. 
iv. The most significant contribution of tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur region is the 
development of infrastructure in terms of schools, healthcare facilities, potable 
water, roads, communications and electricity. 
v. The social benefits derived from ITDP include tremendous increase in literacy 
rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage. 
vi. The female literacy rate in the region increased from 1.88 per cent in 1971 to 65 
per cent in 2011. 
vii. Traditionally, the Gaddis had subsistence agricultural-cum-pastoral economy 
having emphasis on foodgrains and livestock production. But during the last three 
decades of twentieth century, the cultivation of pulses and other cash crops has 
increased in Bharmaur region. 
Any five points 
OR 
Ans B:  
 
i. Hill Area Development programmes were initiated during Fifth Five Year Plan. 
ii. These programmes covered 15 districts comprising all the hilly districts of Uttar 
Pradesh (present Uttarakhand), Mikir Hills and North Kachar Hills of Assam  
Drajeeling district of West Bengal and Nilgiri dictrict of Tamil Nadu. 
iii. The National Committee on the Development of Backward Area in 1981 
recommended that all the hill areas in the country having height above 600 m and 
not covered under the tribal sub-plan be treated as backward hill areas. 
iv. The detailed plans for the development of hill areas were drawn keeping in view 
their topographical, ecological, social and economic conditions. 
v. These programmes aimed at harnessing the indigenous resources of the hill 
areas through development of horticulture, plantation agriculture, animal 
husbandry, poultry, forestry and small scale and village industry.  
Any other relevant point 
 
5 
27 Ans A: The composition of commodities in India’s international trade has been 
undergoing a change over the years: 
i. The share of agriculture and allied products has declined, whereas, shares of 
petroleum and crude products and other commodities have increased. 
ii. The shares of ore minerals and manufactured goods have largely remained 
constant over the years from 2009-10 to 2010-11and 2015-16 to 2016-17. 
iii. The decline in traditional items is largely due to the tough international competition. 
Amongst the agricultural products, there is a decline in the export of traditional 
items, such as coffee, cashew, etc., though an increase has been registered in 
floricultural products, fresh fruits, marine products and sugar, etc. 
5