Ques 1: What do you mean by 'Fixture'?
Ans: The process of ensuring that two parts bonded together, remains in the same place during curing. A nest or clamps can be used to hold the parts together.
Ques 2: Why does the weightlifter's diet include lots of proteins?
Ans: Since weightlifter has to build muscles to keep them energetic they take high-protein diet. Protein is important for muscle growth and to repair of body tissues. Protein is also used by the body for energy.
Ques 3: What is Hypertension?
Ans: Hypertension means increased blood pressure. Main function of heart is to supply pure blood to various parts of body When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood through blood vessels and consequently, the blood pressure increases.
Ques 4: What do you understand by 'Physical Disability'?
Ans: Physical disability-It is a limitation on individual's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Physical disability may either be a motor deficiency or sensory impairment.
Ques 5: What is the main cause of 'Scoliosis'?
Ans: Scoliosis is a postural deformity of spine in which there may be one convexity either in the left side or right side in the spine. There may be both types of convexities which are called curves.
Ques 6: What is 'Amenorrhoea' in female athlete's triad.
Ans: Amenorrhoea- It is the absence of menses for 6 months or absence of menstrual cycle for the three cycles.
Ques 7: What do you know about the term 'Cardiac Output'?
Ans: Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in I minute. This increases exercise intensity.
Ques 8: What type of fracture is known as Greenstick Fracture?
Ans: Greenstick is a fracture in a young, soft bone. In green stick, the bone bends and breaks. This fracture is very difficult to detect.
Ques 9: What do you mean by 'Kinesiology'?
Ans: Kinesiology is the study of human and animal body movements, performance, and functions by applying the science of biomechanics, anatomy, physiology, psychology and neuroscience.
Ques 10: Define the term 'Emotions'.
Ans: Physical education encourages a person to participate in competitive situations where successes and failures are present in a balanced manner. It helps in promoting emotional stability within a person and he is able to face all kinds of situations in life in a balanced and stable manner.
Ques 11: Explain the term 'Sports Training'.
Ans: Sports Training - Sports training is a specialized process of all round physical conditioning aimed at the preparation of sportsperson for improving its performance in games and sports.
Ques 12: Naman was a Class VI student. He used to bring junk-food in his lunch-box daily. His teacher observed that he was neither concentrating on his studies nor actively participating in physical activities. In this matter, he had a talk with his parents and came to know that he refuses to eat roti, dal, fruits and vegetables. Due to this he is facing these problems. Based on the above passage, answer the following questions:
(a) What types of problems was Naman facing?
(b) Why should junk-food not be recommended?
(c) What values has his teacher shown in this matter?
Ans: (a) Naman had problem with properly balanced diet. He was eating junk food instead of rod, dal, fruits and vegetables.
(b) Junk food contains only fat and leads to obesity. Also junk food does not have protein, vitamin required for Athletes, hence it is not recommended.
(c) Teacher has shown the values that the fast food neither helps in concentrating in studies nor it allows physical activities.
Ques 13: Write briefly about some considerations of fluid intake pre, during and post-competition that affect the sportsperson's performance.
Ans: Water is very useful component of our diet because blood plasma comprises 91% of water. Water comprises 75% of muscle weight and 70% of body weight. It is important for secretion of waste products, it regulates body temperature, our body loses approximately 2% of our body weight or water per day. We compensate this loss of water by drinking water and by taking food. It also functions as a lubricant and keeps the skin moist and protect our body from shock. 20% of water intake comes from food and remaining water drinking water.
During sportsman performance, body needs proper water in body, hence it is necessary to take the water or fluid intake pre, during and post competition.
Ques 14: What are the benefits of physical activities for children with special needs? Explain.
Ans: Benefits of physical activities for children with special needs:
(i) Activities based on interest: Physical activities must be based on interest, aptitudes, abilities, previous experience and limitations of children with special needs. The teachers of physical education should have deep knowledge of limitation, interest and aptitudes of children.
(ii) Specific environment: For special needs children, the area should be limited. In case of children who have autism, they must be provided with specific area because they may need some time to relax.
Advantage:
(a) Reduced level of anxiety, stress and depression: Physical activities may help in reducing the level of anxiety, stress and depression of children with special needs.
(b) Improved social interaction: Physical activities provide ample opportunities for improving the social interaction among children with special needs. Some relations are developed during involvement in physical activities.
(iii) Cognitive benefits: Physical activities lead to cognitive skill, improvement in children with disabilities. These activities allow them to discover and access strengths that cannot be challenged in classroom setting.
Ques 15: How does participation in Games and Sports contribute to the psychological development of women athletes in India? Explain.
Ans: The increased stress of competition can cause women athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may feel tension, their heart beat may increase, they worry about the outcome of the competition. It is duty of the coaches to teach the techniques to control competitive anxiety to their trainees. Once these techniques are learned by athletes, they can easily handle the competitive environment. Psychology is considered as another weapon in the athlete's armory in gaining the winning edge. In last few years Indian women athletes have shed off their weaknesses and started winning medals in International competitions. Indian women have been taking part in wrestling, weightlifting, boxing and won medals, accolades and heart of nation.
Ques 16: Write briefly about menstrual dysfunctions and their effect on sports participation of female athletes.
Ans: Menstrual dysfunction: It is a disorder or irregular menstrual cycle in a woman. It can also be defined as abnormal bleeding during the Menstrual cycle.
Effects on sports participation:
(i) During menstrual period, women athlete performance level is low. Women cannot perform so effectively.
(ii) During the cycle of menstrual period, women feel tension, anxiousness and uncomfortability within body.
(iii) Often at this time, women have complaints of vomiting and pain in stomach.
(iv) During the menstrual period, women athlete cannot take part in many competitions like jumping, weightlifting, wrestling, boxing etc.
Ques 17: What do you understand by 'First-Aid'? How will you manage joint injuries? Explain.
Ans: First Aid: It is the immediate care given to an injured or ill person. It does not take the place of proper medical treatment. It is temporary assistance before actual medical care is obtained.
Management of joint injuries:
(i) Cold compression should be used immediately. The application of ice or cold water should not be used for more than 40 minutes persistently.
(ii) The cold compression should be performed 5 to 6 times daily.
(iii) If there is more swelling at the sight of contusion, the anti-inflammatory medicine should be given.
(iv) If die swelling persists, consult a doctor immediately.
(v) For the purpose of rehabilitation, the flexibility exercises should be performed carefully.
Ques 18: What do you understand by Sports Medicine? Discuss briefly the scope of Sports Medicine.
Ans: Sports Medicine: Sports medicine is a branch of healthcare. It deals with me diagnosis, treatment and prevention of injuries, related to participation in sports and/or exercises.
Scope of sports medicines: In the field of physical education and sports, the fields of various sub-disciplines of sports medicine are utilised. Without the knowledge of scope of sports medicine, it is difficult to carry a sportsperson performance at apex level. There are following scopes of sports medicine:
(i) Sports and first aid.
(ii) Human anatomy and physiology.
(iii) Female and sports.
(iv) Study of optimal load for different age groups.
(v) Scientific promotion of games and sports.
(vi) Sports injury rehabilitation.
(vii) Fitness for games and sports.
Aims of sports medicines
(i) To provide information to athletes about injuries.
(ii) To provide knowledge about the causes of injuries.
(iii) To provide means or treatment for sports injuries and for rehabilitation of injuries.
(iv) To provide knowledge about the preventive measures of sports injuries.
(v) To aware the sportsperson and athletes about the different kinds of injuries in respect of different games.
(vi) To concentrate on the cause of injury.
Ques 19: Briefly explain the symptoms and causes of Asthma. Explain the procedure, benefits and contraindications of any two asanas to prevent Asthma.
Ans: Asthma: Asthma disease is associated with the respiratory tracts swelling occurs, which makes the tracts very sensitive and makes this process pungent with the touch of any effective things. These reactions cause contractions in the tubes, this reduces the amount of air in the lungs due to which it becomes difficult to breathe.
Common symptoms of asthma are coughing, heavy breathing, chest tightness, fatigue, pain in hands feet shoulder and back. Reasons are dust, smoke pollen grains, animal skin, hair and feathers etc.
Asthma can be controlled by Matsyasana, Gomukh - asana etc.
Matsyasana: This asana is performed in water body, hence it is called as Matsyasana.
Pre-Stage: Sit in Padmasana pose.
Method:
(i) Take support of your elbow and lie on your back, bend your neck with support of your hands and try to touch your head to the ground.
(ii) Hold toes of the feet firmly with both hands and touch ground with the elbows.
(iii) Stretch the stomach as up as possible.
Benefits: This asana is very useful for asthma patient, it provides relief from indigestion and other digestive Problems, keeps the blood clean. Helps in cough and respiratory problems. It makes body and face attractive by bringing natural glow on it.
Contraindications
(i) Abnormal blood pressure: Individuals suffering from high or low blood pressure should avoid this posture.
(ii) Neck injury: Neck injuries or any part of the lower back or middle back can make it difficult to practice this Fish pose and hence should be avoided.
Gomukhasan: This asana gets its name because while doing this asana, body resembles a cow face pose.
Pre-stage: Sit in Sukhasana pose.
Method:
(i) Sit in sukhasana pose.
(ii) Place the ankle of left leg near the right butt.
(iii) Place the right leg over the left thigh, so that knees should place over each other.
(iv) Sweep your left hand behind your back, facing palms upwards.
(v) Now interlock fingers of both hands behind your back.
(vi) Stretch both the hands in their respective direction, look straight.
(vii) Repeat with changing leg position.
Benefits: Helps in curing Asthma, reduces weight, makes body flexible.
Contraindication:
(i) People with shoulder which are very stiff may have to take it slow and easy.
(ii) If you have sciatica, then crossing the knee may not too good as there will be pressure at the sciatic nerve.
Ques 20: What are the types of motor development? Describe any six factors affecting motor development in children.
Ans: Motor Development: It refers to the development of general body control, fine motor skills and large muscle movements. There are three stages of motor development in children - infancy or infancy hood, early childhood and later childhood.
It is of two types:
(i) Gross Motor development: It involves the development of large muscles in the child's body such as sitting, walking, running etc.
(ii) Fine Motor development: It involves the development of small muscles of the body, especially during the small movements of the fingers and hands, Example: holding of Javelin, discus and pole, catching a cricket ball etc.
Factors affecting Motor Developments:
(i) Nutrition: Nutritious food promotes good motor development. Sensory motor development is dependent upon nutrition that the child gets to a good extent. Children get stronger if they get nutritious food.
(ii) Immunization: If mother and child both are immunised at proper time, it leads to a good sensory motor development.
(iii) Environment: Encouragement, love and security help the child to take the risk to explore fearlessly and to know more about environment which leads to a better sensory development.
Some of other factors affecting Motor development:
(i) Sleep
(ii) Stimulation and interaction
(iii) Opportunities
(iv) Training and practice
(v) Recreation
(vi) Education: Learning and productivity
(vii) Gender
(viii) Posture deformities
(ix) Sensory impairment
(x) Obesity
(xi) Social skills
(xii) Mental health.
Ques 21: Write in detail about the physiological changes taking place due to ageing.
Ans: The physiological changes, due to ageing, which take place are mentioned herein:
(i) Changes in Nervous System: The reaction time and movement time slow down with increase of age. The brain waits, the size of its network and its blood flow decreases with age.
(ii) Change in Gastro - intestinal System: With an increase in age, there is a reduction in the production of Hydrochloric acid. Digestive Enzymes and Saliva. These changes may result in delayed emptying of the stomach, impaired swallowing. The breakdown and absorption of food may also be impaired. The liver becomes less efficient in metabolising drugs and repairing damages liver cells.
(iii) Changes in Urinal system: With an increase, image the mass of the kidney decreases, which leads to reduction in blood filtration by the kidneys. The capacity of the bladders decreases and there is an increase in residual urine. This increases the chance of urinary infections.
(iv) Changes in Senses: With an advance in age, the senses such as vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch may become less active. Vision and hearing are affected the most by aging. The taste buds are reduced with age. So, they lose interest in food.
(v) Change in Respiratory System: Pulmonary function is impaired with advancing age. The airways and lung tissues become less elastic and less efficient. There is decrease in the oxygen uptake and oxygen exchange.
(vi) Change in Fitness: The elasticity of tendons, ligaments and joint capsules decrease with aging. The range of the movements is restricted and muscle mass decreases as the age increases. This leads a decrease in flexibility, endurance, strength and speed along with a shortness of breath, blood flow, enzymes etc.
