Class 12 Political Science: CBSE Sample Question Papers- Term II (2021-22)- 1 | CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Class XlI
Time: 120 Minutes
Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

• The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C. 
• Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each. 
• Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly. 
• Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.

Q.1. How did the Sino-Indian conflict of 1962 affect the Communist Party of India?

The Sino-Indian conflict of 1962 affected the Communist Party of India in the following ways:
(i) It created irreconcilable differences between the Communist Party of India (CPI).
(ii) The party split in 1964 and the Communist party of India (Marxist) was created.

“China has emerged as third alternative to world power”. Examine.

China has emerged as third alternative to world power as: 
(i) China is projected to overtake the US as the world’s largest economy by 2040.
(ii) Its economic integration into the region makes it drive of East Asian growth.
(iii) Its strength of economy are population, landmass, resources, regional location, political influence, added to its power.

Q.2. South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space. Do you agree with the statement? Give two reasons for your answer.

(i) The mighty Himalayas in the north and the vast Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the south west and east respectively provide a natural insularity to the region which is largely responsible for the linguistic, social and cultural distinctiveness of the subcontinent.
(ii) The various countries in South Asia do not have the same kind of political systems but democracy has become an accepted norm in this region.
Thus, yes, South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space.

Q.3. What is ‘cultural homogenisation’? Give one example of cultural homogenisation.

Cultural homogenisation is an aspect of cultural globalisation. It refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols like customs, ideas and values. The impact of western culture on the rest of the world is the best example of cultural homogenisation.

Q.4. Explain the role played by Syndicate in the Congress Party.

Syndicate was the group of powerful leaders in the Congress Party. 
(i) This group had a decisive say in Indira Gandhi’s first cabinet and on policy formulation and implementation of the government.
(ii) After the split in the Congress, the leaders of the Syndicate stayed with the Congress (O) but were defeated in the subsequent general elections.

Q.5. Evaluate the role of SAARC in facilitating the economic cooperation in the South Asian region.

(i) The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a major regional initiative by the South Asian States to evolve cooperation through multilateral means. It began in 1985 SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) in 2004 which promised the formation of a free trade zone for the whole of South Asia.
(ii) A new chapter of peace and cooperation might evolve in South Asia if all the countries in the region allow free trade across the borders.

Q.6. The first general election was postponed twice. Give two reasons for the same.

The first general election was a mammoth exercise: 
(i) 17 crore eligible voters were to elect about 3,200 MLAs and 489 members of Lok Sabha. 

(ii) Only 15% of the voters were literate.
(iii) In the first draft of the rolls, names of nearly 40 lakh women were not recorded in the list.

Q.7. Describe the political set-up of Nepal.

(i) The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multiparty system.
(ii) Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.

Q.8. Name the leader who led a peoples’ march to Parliament in 1975 and state as to what was unique about this march.

(i) Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan was the leader who led people’s march to Parliament.
(ii) This was one of the largest political rallies ever held in the capital during those times.

Q.9. Compare the European Union with ASEAN.

The European Union: 
(i) After the Second World War, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established by America, under the Marshall Plan.
(ii) The process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded systematically and the Council of Europe was established in 1949.
(iii) This led to the formation of the European Economic Community in 1957. After the collapse of Soviet bloc, European Union was established in 1992.
(iv) It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency. European Union was the world’s largest economy in 2005. It had a GDP of more than US $ 12 trillion in 2005.

Q.10. Explain any two reasons that led to National Jubilation in India after the 1971 war with Pakistan.

The reasons that led to National Jubilation in India after the 1971 war with Pakistan were:
(i) Soon after the 1971 elections, a major crisis broke out in East Pakistan resulting in the formation of Bangladesh. This crisis was followed by the Indo-Pak War of 1971. India had a decisive victory in that war and Pakistani forces were forced to surrender in front of Indian forces.
(ii) With the independence of Bangladesh, India was seen as a superpower of South Asia who could interfere in the affairs of smaller countries of the region.

Q.11. In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify these states based on the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the format that follows:

(i) The state to which the former Prime Minister V. P. Singh belonged.
(ii) The state to which the former Prime Minister P. V. Narshima Rao belonged.
(iii) The state to which former Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda belonged.
(iv) The state to which the former Prime Minister A. B. Vajyapee belonged.

Q.12. ‘Peace and prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of regional economic organizations’. Critically evaluate the statement.

(i) The members of Regional organizations resolve their mutual differences and adopt foreign trade policy, thus give way to their economic development.
(ii) Backward countries also get a chance for their development and thus, employment also increases.
(iii) Standard of living of every country is improved.
(iv) They get facilities of quality education, health and transport.
(v) When the public gets satisfied, then its trust in Nation’s policy increases and thus along with its capability, also corporates in its policies, which brings peace and prosperity in a country.
(vi) There are no chances of public outrage.

Give an account of the changing role of state in the light of Globalization.

(i) Globalization results in an erosion of state capacity, i.e. the ability of government to do what they do.
(ii) All over the world, the old welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions, such as, the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
(iii) The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world leads to a reduction in the capacity of government to take decisions on their own.
(iv) Globalization has also reduced the power of states to decide national and foreign policy voluntarily. They have been forced to follow the policies and decisions of international organizations.
(v) There has been a change in the role of the state in making and implementing strict rules of importexport. Because globalization is based on the concept of rapid flow of people, things and ideas. Therefore, the barriers to permits, licenses etc. have been reduced, due to which the role of the state has also been reduced.
(vi) In some respects state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalization, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizen. With the information, the state is better able to rule, not less able.

Q.13. Explain the circumstances that led to the creation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh succeed in establishing representative democracy based on the multiparty system?

Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. The people of Bangladesh always resented western Pakistan on its domination and policy of imposing the Urdu language on them. Soon after the independence (1947), protests in Bangladesh started for preserving Bangla culture and language, fair representation in administration and fair share in political power. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the unpopular struggle against West Pakistan and eventually, won all the seats in the election of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Mujib soon got arrested on the orders of Yahya Khan. Thousands of people were killed by the Pakistani army resulting in the large-scale migration of these people in India. Considering about huge refugee problem, India got involved in the issue. India supported the demand for the freedom of Bangladesh and provided them with military and financial aid. This resulted in the war between India and Pakistan in 1971. Pakistani army surrendered to India and the formation of Bangladesh was completed.
Initial political tensions disturbed Bangladesh for achieving democracy. But soon after people’s support and demand for democracy and their protests brought some fruits for them. Ershad, then President of Bangladesh was overthrown by the people and democracy was established in 1991. Since then Bangladesh is a democratic nation.

Assess the negative aspects of India’s relations with Bangladesh.

Relations between India and Bangladesh are based on the moral support given by India during the freedom struggle of Bangladesh. India had to bear the influx of more than 80 lakh refugees. But the rapid change of governments and assassination of Mujib impacted the strong relations between the two. The governments of India and Bangladesh have had differences over several issues including the sharing of the Ganga and Brahmaputra river waters. The Indian Government has been unhappy with Bangladesh’s denial of illegal immigration to India, its support for anti-Indian Islamic fundamentalists groups. Bangladesh’s refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory to North-eastern India and its decision not to export natural gas to India or allow Myanmar to do so through Bangladeshi territory. Illegal migration of Bangladeshis in the states of India and Islamic fundamentalist groups who are against having good relations with India are also responsible for the sore relations between India and Bangladesh.