Class 12 Political Science Marking scheme (2022-23) | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1 
 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
Marking Scheme (2022-23) 
CLASS: XII) 
            
TIME: 3hrs.                                                                                                                    MM: 80 
 
 
Note: These are not Final Answers. Other relevant points maybe added on same lines. 
                                                      
 
SECTION – A  
1 c)  Political Movement 1 
2 b)   Mikhail Gorbachev 1 
3 b)   Is an informal and cooperative interaction among ASEAN members 1 
4 b)   Denmark and Sweden 1 
5 b)   Both (A) & (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A) 1 
6 a)   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 1 
7 b)   Systematic use of brutal violence that creates an atmosphere of fear in 
society 
1 
8 c) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1 
9 d)   P.C. Mahalnobis 1 
10 a)   i), iii), ii), iv)) 1 
11 b)  Jagmohan Lal Sinha 1 
12 c) Naxalite Movement 1 
 SECTION – B  
13 Features of a multi-polar world as visualized by both India and Russia: 
I) Coexistence of several powers in the international system to collective 
security and a collective response.  
II) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts and independent 
foreign policy for all countries. 
III) Decision making through bodies like the UN. 
     (Explain any one feature) 
2 
14 South Asia: 
I) South Asia usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ,Maldives 
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as well as Afghanistan)  
II) Peace and cooperation can be enhanced in the region through 
organizations like SAARC and initiatives like SAFTA in political, social, 
economic and cultural spheres.                      (Any other relevant point) 
1+1=2 
15 Two issues that dominate the politics of North – East India are______ 
1.  Demands for Autonomy 
2.  Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders.                 (Explain)   
1+1=2 
16 I) The National Front government decided to implement the 
recommendation of the   Mandal Commission in 1990.The 
recommendation was that the 27 percent jobs in the Central 
government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. 
II) This led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country 
.This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC 
reservations was known as the Mandal issue.This issue has played an 
1+1=2 
Page 2


1 
 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
Marking Scheme (2022-23) 
CLASS: XII) 
            
TIME: 3hrs.                                                                                                                    MM: 80 
 
 
Note: These are not Final Answers. Other relevant points maybe added on same lines. 
                                                      
 
SECTION – A  
1 c)  Political Movement 1 
2 b)   Mikhail Gorbachev 1 
3 b)   Is an informal and cooperative interaction among ASEAN members 1 
4 b)   Denmark and Sweden 1 
5 b)   Both (A) & (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A) 1 
6 a)   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 1 
7 b)   Systematic use of brutal violence that creates an atmosphere of fear in 
society 
1 
8 c) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1 
9 d)   P.C. Mahalnobis 1 
10 a)   i), iii), ii), iv)) 1 
11 b)  Jagmohan Lal Sinha 1 
12 c) Naxalite Movement 1 
 SECTION – B  
13 Features of a multi-polar world as visualized by both India and Russia: 
I) Coexistence of several powers in the international system to collective 
security and a collective response.  
II) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts and independent 
foreign policy for all countries. 
III) Decision making through bodies like the UN. 
     (Explain any one feature) 
2 
14 South Asia: 
I) South Asia usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ,Maldives 
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as well as Afghanistan)  
II) Peace and cooperation can be enhanced in the region through 
organizations like SAARC and initiatives like SAFTA in political, social, 
economic and cultural spheres.                      (Any other relevant point) 
1+1=2 
15 Two issues that dominate the politics of North – East India are______ 
1.  Demands for Autonomy 
2.  Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders.                 (Explain)   
1+1=2 
16 I) The National Front government decided to implement the 
recommendation of the   Mandal Commission in 1990.The 
recommendation was that the 27 percent jobs in the Central 
government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. 
II) This led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country 
.This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC 
reservations was known as the Mandal issue.This issue has played an 
1+1=2 
2 
 
important role in shaping politics in India since 1989. 
17 I)Governments are very sensitive to the balance of power between their 
country and other countries.They do work hard to maintain a favourable 
balance of power with other countries especially those with 
whom they have differences or those with whom they have had conflicts in the 
past. 
II) A good part of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military 
power. Although economic and technological power are also important since 
they are the basis for military power. 
 
 
1+1=2 
18 I)The Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord or the Punjab Accord was a step 
towards bringing normalcy to Punjab but peace did not come easily or 
immediately and the cycle of violence continued nearly for a decade.The 
central government had to impose President's rule in the state and the 
normal electoral and political process was suspended. 
 
II) It was not easy to restore the political process in the atmosphere of 
suspicion and violence. When elections were held in Punjab in 1992 only 
24% of the electors turned out to vote. Militancy was eventually eradicated 
by the security forces. Peace returned to Punjab by the middle of the 
1990s. 
 
 
1+1=2 
 SECTION - C  
19 I) Extraction of Earth: 
a) The mineral industry’s extraction of earth,its use of chemicals,its 
pollution of waterways and land, its displacement of community 
continue to invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe. 
 
b) One example is of Philippines where a vast network of groups and 
organisations campaign against the Western Mining Corporation ,an 
Australia based multinational company . Much opposition to the 
company in its own country , Australia is based on anti nuclear 
sentiments and advocacy for the basic rights of Australian indigenous 
peoples. 
 
II) Mega- dams: 
a)Today,wherever a mega dam is being built in the world, one is likely to 
find an environmental movement opposing it. The early 1980s saw the 
first anti- dam movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign 
to save the Franklin river and its surrounding forest in Australia. 
 
b) India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro- river 
movements.Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of these best known 
movements .                                                                        
2+2=4 
20. Areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) Bangladesh is a part of India's Look East policy. 
II) Cooperation on disaster management and environment issues has 
always been there. 
2+2=4 
Page 3


1 
 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
Marking Scheme (2022-23) 
CLASS: XII) 
            
TIME: 3hrs.                                                                                                                    MM: 80 
 
 
Note: These are not Final Answers. Other relevant points maybe added on same lines. 
                                                      
 
SECTION – A  
1 c)  Political Movement 1 
2 b)   Mikhail Gorbachev 1 
3 b)   Is an informal and cooperative interaction among ASEAN members 1 
4 b)   Denmark and Sweden 1 
5 b)   Both (A) & (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A) 1 
6 a)   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 1 
7 b)   Systematic use of brutal violence that creates an atmosphere of fear in 
society 
1 
8 c) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1 
9 d)   P.C. Mahalnobis 1 
10 a)   i), iii), ii), iv)) 1 
11 b)  Jagmohan Lal Sinha 1 
12 c) Naxalite Movement 1 
 SECTION – B  
13 Features of a multi-polar world as visualized by both India and Russia: 
I) Coexistence of several powers in the international system to collective 
security and a collective response.  
II) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts and independent 
foreign policy for all countries. 
III) Decision making through bodies like the UN. 
     (Explain any one feature) 
2 
14 South Asia: 
I) South Asia usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ,Maldives 
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as well as Afghanistan)  
II) Peace and cooperation can be enhanced in the region through 
organizations like SAARC and initiatives like SAFTA in political, social, 
economic and cultural spheres.                      (Any other relevant point) 
1+1=2 
15 Two issues that dominate the politics of North – East India are______ 
1.  Demands for Autonomy 
2.  Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders.                 (Explain)   
1+1=2 
16 I) The National Front government decided to implement the 
recommendation of the   Mandal Commission in 1990.The 
recommendation was that the 27 percent jobs in the Central 
government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. 
II) This led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country 
.This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC 
reservations was known as the Mandal issue.This issue has played an 
1+1=2 
2 
 
important role in shaping politics in India since 1989. 
17 I)Governments are very sensitive to the balance of power between their 
country and other countries.They do work hard to maintain a favourable 
balance of power with other countries especially those with 
whom they have differences or those with whom they have had conflicts in the 
past. 
II) A good part of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military 
power. Although economic and technological power are also important since 
they are the basis for military power. 
 
 
1+1=2 
18 I)The Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord or the Punjab Accord was a step 
towards bringing normalcy to Punjab but peace did not come easily or 
immediately and the cycle of violence continued nearly for a decade.The 
central government had to impose President's rule in the state and the 
normal electoral and political process was suspended. 
 
II) It was not easy to restore the political process in the atmosphere of 
suspicion and violence. When elections were held in Punjab in 1992 only 
24% of the electors turned out to vote. Militancy was eventually eradicated 
by the security forces. Peace returned to Punjab by the middle of the 
1990s. 
 
 
1+1=2 
 SECTION - C  
19 I) Extraction of Earth: 
a) The mineral industry’s extraction of earth,its use of chemicals,its 
pollution of waterways and land, its displacement of community 
continue to invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe. 
 
b) One example is of Philippines where a vast network of groups and 
organisations campaign against the Western Mining Corporation ,an 
Australia based multinational company . Much opposition to the 
company in its own country , Australia is based on anti nuclear 
sentiments and advocacy for the basic rights of Australian indigenous 
peoples. 
 
II) Mega- dams: 
a)Today,wherever a mega dam is being built in the world, one is likely to 
find an environmental movement opposing it. The early 1980s saw the 
first anti- dam movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign 
to save the Franklin river and its surrounding forest in Australia. 
 
b) India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro- river 
movements.Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of these best known 
movements .                                                                        
2+2=4 
20. Areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) Bangladesh is a part of India's Look East policy. 
II) Cooperation on disaster management and environment issues has 
always been there. 
2+2=4 
3 
 
III) Economic relations have improved considerably. 
 
Areas of disagreement between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) River water dispute i.e., sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river 
waters has been a bone of contention. 
II) Indian government is unhappy over the denial of illegal immigration 
by Bangladesh.  
III) Bangladesh's support to anti- Indian Islamic fundamentalist groups is 
not appreciated by the Indian government. 
                                                          (Any two points in each category) 
21 Yes I agree with the given statement. Arguments for the same are as follows: 
I) The foreign policy of independent India vigorously pursued the dream 
of a peaceful world by advocating the policy of non alignment, by 
reducing the Cold War confrontations and by contributing human 
resources to the UN peacekeeping operations. 
II) During the Cold War, the US- led North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 
(NATO) and the Soviet- led Warsaw Pact came into existence. India 
advocated non- alignment as the ideal foreign policy and sometimes 
the balance did not appear perfect. 
III) India did not join either of the two camps. During the Cold War era, 
India wanted to keep distance from the military alliances led by the 
US and by the Soviet Union against each other. 
IV) In 1956 Britain attacked Egypt over the Suez Canal issue, India led 
the world protest against this neo- colonial invasion. In the same year 
when the USSR invaded Hungary, India did not join its public 
condemnation. Despite such a situation, by and large India did take 
an independent stand on various International issues.                                                                                                        
1+3=4 
22 Reasons for imposing emergency in India on 25th June 1975 are: 
I) Indira Gandhi’s election to Lok Sabha was declared invalid by the 
Allahabad High Court. It meant that legally she was no longer an MP 
and therefore could not remain the Prime Minister unless she was 
once again elected as an MP within 6 months. But on June 24
th
, the 
Supreme Court granted her a partial stay on the High Court order till 
the time her appeal was decided. She could remain an MP but could 
not take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha. 
II) Opposition parties under Jayaprakash Narayan demanded Mrs. 
Gandhi's resignation. 
III) Jayaprakash Narayan asked army, police and government 
employees not to obey orders of the government. He called for a 
Total Revolution and became the symbol of opposition to Emergency.                                                    
(Explain any two points) 
2+2=4 
23 The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War but very 
soon the system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian. I do agree with 
the given statement. 
Arguments in favor of the given statement are as follows: 
I) The Soviet economy after the Second World War was more 
developed than the rest of the world except for the US. It had a 
complex communication network and vast energy resources. The 
soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens and 
the government subsidized basic necessities including health, 
education, healthcare and other welfare schemes. The Soviet system 
1+3=4 
Page 4


1 
 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
Marking Scheme (2022-23) 
CLASS: XII) 
            
TIME: 3hrs.                                                                                                                    MM: 80 
 
 
Note: These are not Final Answers. Other relevant points maybe added on same lines. 
                                                      
 
SECTION – A  
1 c)  Political Movement 1 
2 b)   Mikhail Gorbachev 1 
3 b)   Is an informal and cooperative interaction among ASEAN members 1 
4 b)   Denmark and Sweden 1 
5 b)   Both (A) & (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A) 1 
6 a)   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 1 
7 b)   Systematic use of brutal violence that creates an atmosphere of fear in 
society 
1 
8 c) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1 
9 d)   P.C. Mahalnobis 1 
10 a)   i), iii), ii), iv)) 1 
11 b)  Jagmohan Lal Sinha 1 
12 c) Naxalite Movement 1 
 SECTION – B  
13 Features of a multi-polar world as visualized by both India and Russia: 
I) Coexistence of several powers in the international system to collective 
security and a collective response.  
II) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts and independent 
foreign policy for all countries. 
III) Decision making through bodies like the UN. 
     (Explain any one feature) 
2 
14 South Asia: 
I) South Asia usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ,Maldives 
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as well as Afghanistan)  
II) Peace and cooperation can be enhanced in the region through 
organizations like SAARC and initiatives like SAFTA in political, social, 
economic and cultural spheres.                      (Any other relevant point) 
1+1=2 
15 Two issues that dominate the politics of North – East India are______ 
1.  Demands for Autonomy 
2.  Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders.                 (Explain)   
1+1=2 
16 I) The National Front government decided to implement the 
recommendation of the   Mandal Commission in 1990.The 
recommendation was that the 27 percent jobs in the Central 
government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. 
II) This led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country 
.This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC 
reservations was known as the Mandal issue.This issue has played an 
1+1=2 
2 
 
important role in shaping politics in India since 1989. 
17 I)Governments are very sensitive to the balance of power between their 
country and other countries.They do work hard to maintain a favourable 
balance of power with other countries especially those with 
whom they have differences or those with whom they have had conflicts in the 
past. 
II) A good part of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military 
power. Although economic and technological power are also important since 
they are the basis for military power. 
 
 
1+1=2 
18 I)The Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord or the Punjab Accord was a step 
towards bringing normalcy to Punjab but peace did not come easily or 
immediately and the cycle of violence continued nearly for a decade.The 
central government had to impose President's rule in the state and the 
normal electoral and political process was suspended. 
 
II) It was not easy to restore the political process in the atmosphere of 
suspicion and violence. When elections were held in Punjab in 1992 only 
24% of the electors turned out to vote. Militancy was eventually eradicated 
by the security forces. Peace returned to Punjab by the middle of the 
1990s. 
 
 
1+1=2 
 SECTION - C  
19 I) Extraction of Earth: 
a) The mineral industry’s extraction of earth,its use of chemicals,its 
pollution of waterways and land, its displacement of community 
continue to invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe. 
 
b) One example is of Philippines where a vast network of groups and 
organisations campaign against the Western Mining Corporation ,an 
Australia based multinational company . Much opposition to the 
company in its own country , Australia is based on anti nuclear 
sentiments and advocacy for the basic rights of Australian indigenous 
peoples. 
 
II) Mega- dams: 
a)Today,wherever a mega dam is being built in the world, one is likely to 
find an environmental movement opposing it. The early 1980s saw the 
first anti- dam movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign 
to save the Franklin river and its surrounding forest in Australia. 
 
b) India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro- river 
movements.Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of these best known 
movements .                                                                        
2+2=4 
20. Areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) Bangladesh is a part of India's Look East policy. 
II) Cooperation on disaster management and environment issues has 
always been there. 
2+2=4 
3 
 
III) Economic relations have improved considerably. 
 
Areas of disagreement between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) River water dispute i.e., sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river 
waters has been a bone of contention. 
II) Indian government is unhappy over the denial of illegal immigration 
by Bangladesh.  
III) Bangladesh's support to anti- Indian Islamic fundamentalist groups is 
not appreciated by the Indian government. 
                                                          (Any two points in each category) 
21 Yes I agree with the given statement. Arguments for the same are as follows: 
I) The foreign policy of independent India vigorously pursued the dream 
of a peaceful world by advocating the policy of non alignment, by 
reducing the Cold War confrontations and by contributing human 
resources to the UN peacekeeping operations. 
II) During the Cold War, the US- led North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 
(NATO) and the Soviet- led Warsaw Pact came into existence. India 
advocated non- alignment as the ideal foreign policy and sometimes 
the balance did not appear perfect. 
III) India did not join either of the two camps. During the Cold War era, 
India wanted to keep distance from the military alliances led by the 
US and by the Soviet Union against each other. 
IV) In 1956 Britain attacked Egypt over the Suez Canal issue, India led 
the world protest against this neo- colonial invasion. In the same year 
when the USSR invaded Hungary, India did not join its public 
condemnation. Despite such a situation, by and large India did take 
an independent stand on various International issues.                                                                                                        
1+3=4 
22 Reasons for imposing emergency in India on 25th June 1975 are: 
I) Indira Gandhi’s election to Lok Sabha was declared invalid by the 
Allahabad High Court. It meant that legally she was no longer an MP 
and therefore could not remain the Prime Minister unless she was 
once again elected as an MP within 6 months. But on June 24
th
, the 
Supreme Court granted her a partial stay on the High Court order till 
the time her appeal was decided. She could remain an MP but could 
not take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha. 
II) Opposition parties under Jayaprakash Narayan demanded Mrs. 
Gandhi's resignation. 
III) Jayaprakash Narayan asked army, police and government 
employees not to obey orders of the government. He called for a 
Total Revolution and became the symbol of opposition to Emergency.                                                    
(Explain any two points) 
2+2=4 
23 The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War but very 
soon the system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian. I do agree with 
the given statement. 
Arguments in favor of the given statement are as follows: 
I) The Soviet economy after the Second World War was more 
developed than the rest of the world except for the US. It had a 
complex communication network and vast energy resources. The 
soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens and 
the government subsidized basic necessities including health, 
education, healthcare and other welfare schemes. The Soviet system 
1+3=4 
4 
 
however became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very 
difficult for its citizens. 
II) Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled 
people who often expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons. 
III) Most of the institutions of the Soviet state needed reform; the one 
party system represented by the Soviet party of the Soviet Union had 
tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. 
The party refused to recognize the urge of the people in the 15 
different republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own 
affairs including their cultural affairs.  
IV) Although on paper Russia was only one of the 15 republics that 
together constituted the USSR, in reality Russia dominated everything 
and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed. 
Thus, we can say that indeed the Soviet Union became a great power 
after the Second World War but very soon the system became very 
bureaucratic and authoritarian. 
                                                                                                                  
(Any three points or any other relevant point) 
 SECTION – D  
24 Passage based question — 
(1)------d—----Jacob Zuma 
(2)------d—--- BRICS countries respect mutual equality. 
(3)-------b—---2009 
(4)-------d------Russia 
1+1+1
+1=4 
25 Map based question — 
Serial. No.of the information 
used  
Alphabet Concerned Name of the State 
(i) C Kerala 
(ii) B West Bengal 
(iii) D Bihar 
(iv) A Tamil Nadu 
 
1+1+1
+1=4 
 NOTE: Following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates in 
lieu of question number 25 - 
1. Due to difference of opinion among the major leaders. 
2. K. Kamraj 
3. Congress 
4. Ram Manohar Lohia 
1+1+1
+1=4 
26 Cartoon based question - 
1) a)—-------Mao Tsetung 
2) b)----------Aksai Chin 
1+1+1
+1=4 
Page 5


1 
 
POLITICAL SCIENCE 
Marking Scheme (2022-23) 
CLASS: XII) 
            
TIME: 3hrs.                                                                                                                    MM: 80 
 
 
Note: These are not Final Answers. Other relevant points maybe added on same lines. 
                                                      
 
SECTION – A  
1 c)  Political Movement 1 
2 b)   Mikhail Gorbachev 1 
3 b)   Is an informal and cooperative interaction among ASEAN members 1 
4 b)   Denmark and Sweden 1 
5 b)   Both (A) & (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of (A) 1 
6 a)   Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is the correct explanation of (A) 1 
7 b)   Systematic use of brutal violence that creates an atmosphere of fear in 
society 
1 
8 c) (i), (iii) and (iv) 1 
9 d)   P.C. Mahalnobis 1 
10 a)   i), iii), ii), iv)) 1 
11 b)  Jagmohan Lal Sinha 1 
12 c) Naxalite Movement 1 
 SECTION – B  
13 Features of a multi-polar world as visualized by both India and Russia: 
I) Coexistence of several powers in the international system to collective 
security and a collective response.  
II) Negotiated settlements of international conflicts and independent 
foreign policy for all countries. 
III) Decision making through bodies like the UN. 
     (Explain any one feature) 
2 
14 South Asia: 
I) South Asia usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India ,Maldives 
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (as well as Afghanistan)  
II) Peace and cooperation can be enhanced in the region through 
organizations like SAARC and initiatives like SAFTA in political, social, 
economic and cultural spheres.                      (Any other relevant point) 
1+1=2 
15 Two issues that dominate the politics of North – East India are______ 
1.  Demands for Autonomy 
2.  Movements for secessions and opposition to outsiders.                 (Explain)   
1+1=2 
16 I) The National Front government decided to implement the 
recommendation of the   Mandal Commission in 1990.The 
recommendation was that the 27 percent jobs in the Central 
government should be reserved for the Other Backward Classes. 
II) This led to violent anti-Mandal protests in different parts of the country 
.This dispute between the supporters and opponents of OBC 
reservations was known as the Mandal issue.This issue has played an 
1+1=2 
2 
 
important role in shaping politics in India since 1989. 
17 I)Governments are very sensitive to the balance of power between their 
country and other countries.They do work hard to maintain a favourable 
balance of power with other countries especially those with 
whom they have differences or those with whom they have had conflicts in the 
past. 
II) A good part of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military 
power. Although economic and technological power are also important since 
they are the basis for military power. 
 
 
1+1=2 
18 I)The Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord or the Punjab Accord was a step 
towards bringing normalcy to Punjab but peace did not come easily or 
immediately and the cycle of violence continued nearly for a decade.The 
central government had to impose President's rule in the state and the 
normal electoral and political process was suspended. 
 
II) It was not easy to restore the political process in the atmosphere of 
suspicion and violence. When elections were held in Punjab in 1992 only 
24% of the electors turned out to vote. Militancy was eventually eradicated 
by the security forces. Peace returned to Punjab by the middle of the 
1990s. 
 
 
1+1=2 
 SECTION - C  
19 I) Extraction of Earth: 
a) The mineral industry’s extraction of earth,its use of chemicals,its 
pollution of waterways and land, its displacement of community 
continue to invite criticism and resistance in various parts of the globe. 
 
b) One example is of Philippines where a vast network of groups and 
organisations campaign against the Western Mining Corporation ,an 
Australia based multinational company . Much opposition to the 
company in its own country , Australia is based on anti nuclear 
sentiments and advocacy for the basic rights of Australian indigenous 
peoples. 
 
II) Mega- dams: 
a)Today,wherever a mega dam is being built in the world, one is likely to 
find an environmental movement opposing it. The early 1980s saw the 
first anti- dam movement launched in the North, namely, the campaign 
to save the Franklin river and its surrounding forest in Australia. 
 
b) India has had some of the leading anti-dam, pro- river 
movements.Narmada Bachao Andolan is one of these best known 
movements .                                                                        
2+2=4 
20. Areas of cooperation between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) Bangladesh is a part of India's Look East policy. 
II) Cooperation on disaster management and environment issues has 
always been there. 
2+2=4 
3 
 
III) Economic relations have improved considerably. 
 
Areas of disagreement between India and Bangladesh are as follows: 
I) River water dispute i.e., sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river 
waters has been a bone of contention. 
II) Indian government is unhappy over the denial of illegal immigration 
by Bangladesh.  
III) Bangladesh's support to anti- Indian Islamic fundamentalist groups is 
not appreciated by the Indian government. 
                                                          (Any two points in each category) 
21 Yes I agree with the given statement. Arguments for the same are as follows: 
I) The foreign policy of independent India vigorously pursued the dream 
of a peaceful world by advocating the policy of non alignment, by 
reducing the Cold War confrontations and by contributing human 
resources to the UN peacekeeping operations. 
II) During the Cold War, the US- led North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 
(NATO) and the Soviet- led Warsaw Pact came into existence. India 
advocated non- alignment as the ideal foreign policy and sometimes 
the balance did not appear perfect. 
III) India did not join either of the two camps. During the Cold War era, 
India wanted to keep distance from the military alliances led by the 
US and by the Soviet Union against each other. 
IV) In 1956 Britain attacked Egypt over the Suez Canal issue, India led 
the world protest against this neo- colonial invasion. In the same year 
when the USSR invaded Hungary, India did not join its public 
condemnation. Despite such a situation, by and large India did take 
an independent stand on various International issues.                                                                                                        
1+3=4 
22 Reasons for imposing emergency in India on 25th June 1975 are: 
I) Indira Gandhi’s election to Lok Sabha was declared invalid by the 
Allahabad High Court. It meant that legally she was no longer an MP 
and therefore could not remain the Prime Minister unless she was 
once again elected as an MP within 6 months. But on June 24
th
, the 
Supreme Court granted her a partial stay on the High Court order till 
the time her appeal was decided. She could remain an MP but could 
not take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha. 
II) Opposition parties under Jayaprakash Narayan demanded Mrs. 
Gandhi's resignation. 
III) Jayaprakash Narayan asked army, police and government 
employees not to obey orders of the government. He called for a 
Total Revolution and became the symbol of opposition to Emergency.                                                    
(Explain any two points) 
2+2=4 
23 The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War but very 
soon the system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian. I do agree with 
the given statement. 
Arguments in favor of the given statement are as follows: 
I) The Soviet economy after the Second World War was more 
developed than the rest of the world except for the US. It had a 
complex communication network and vast energy resources. The 
soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens and 
the government subsidized basic necessities including health, 
education, healthcare and other welfare schemes. The Soviet system 
1+3=4 
4 
 
however became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very 
difficult for its citizens. 
II) Lack of democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled 
people who often expressed their dissent in jokes and cartoons. 
III) Most of the institutions of the Soviet state needed reform; the one 
party system represented by the Soviet party of the Soviet Union had 
tight control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. 
The party refused to recognize the urge of the people in the 15 
different republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own 
affairs including their cultural affairs.  
IV) Although on paper Russia was only one of the 15 republics that 
together constituted the USSR, in reality Russia dominated everything 
and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed. 
Thus, we can say that indeed the Soviet Union became a great power 
after the Second World War but very soon the system became very 
bureaucratic and authoritarian. 
                                                                                                                  
(Any three points or any other relevant point) 
 SECTION – D  
24 Passage based question — 
(1)------d—----Jacob Zuma 
(2)------d—--- BRICS countries respect mutual equality. 
(3)-------b—---2009 
(4)-------d------Russia 
1+1+1
+1=4 
25 Map based question — 
Serial. No.of the information 
used  
Alphabet Concerned Name of the State 
(i) C Kerala 
(ii) B West Bengal 
(iii) D Bihar 
(iv) A Tamil Nadu 
 
1+1+1
+1=4 
 NOTE: Following questions are for the Visually Impaired Candidates in 
lieu of question number 25 - 
1. Due to difference of opinion among the major leaders. 
2. K. Kamraj 
3. Congress 
4. Ram Manohar Lohia 
1+1+1
+1=4 
26 Cartoon based question - 
1) a)—-------Mao Tsetung 
2) b)----------Aksai Chin 
1+1+1
+1=4 
5 
 
3) c)---------V. K. Krishna Menon 
4) b)-------- Panchsheel Agreement 
 NOTE: For the Visually Impaired Candidates, in lieu of question no. 26 - 
1.  a)  General Ayub Khan 
2.  a)  Belgrade 
3.  b) The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict. 
4.  b) India granted political asylum on humanitarian grounds. 
1+1+1
+1=4 
 SECTION – E   
27 A) Cultural consequences of globalization: 
I) The cultural effect of globalization leads to the fear that this process poses a 
threat to cultures in the world.  It does so, because globalization leads to 
the rise of a uniform culture or what is called cultural homogenisation.  The 
popularity of a burger or blue jeans, some argue, has a lot to do with the 
powerful influence of the American way of life. This leads to the shrinking of 
the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe. 
 
II) But sometimes external influences simply enlarge our choices and 
sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional.  
Blue jeans, on the other hand, can go well with a homespun khadi kurta. 
 
III) While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation, the same 
process also generates precisely the opposite effect. It leads to each 
culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called 
cultural heterogenisation. 
 
B)  Political consequences of globalisation: 
 
I)  Political consequences of globalisation at the most simple level, results in 
erosion of state capacity, i.e. the ability of the government to do what they 
do. 
II) All over the world, ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist 
state that  performs certain core functions, such as ,the maintenance of 
law and order and the security of its citizens. 
III)  One has to keep in mind that globalization does not always reduce state 
capacity. State will remain a supreme organisation. Technology may 
rather enhance the capacity of the state.   
 
Thus the cultural and political consequences of globalisation are both 
negative and positive in nature. 
    
OR 
 
The arguments that have been made against globalization are as follows: 
I) Contemporary globalization represents a particular phase of global 
capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer is the 
argument given by the leftists.   
II) Since globalization has weakened the state, it is unable to protect the 
interest of the poor. 
III) The idea of globalization is contrary to self-reliance and protectionism. 
IV) People will lose their age-old values and ways because of 
globalization. 
3+3=6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2+2+2
=6