Class 7 History Notes - Architecture in Medieval India

Temple Architecture in Medieval India

Temples served various purposes, from places of worship to treasuries.

Architectural styles are classified based on region

• Nagara Style: Found in North India with characteristic features like a beehive-shaped tower, etc.
• Dravida Style: Observed in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu.
• Vesara Style: A hybrid of Nagara and Dravida styles.

Indo-Islamic Architecture

• This style evolved with the rise of Delhi Sultanate and Mughal rule, blending Islamic architectural elements with Indian aesthetics.
• Key elements include the use of arches, keystones, and domes.
• Beautiful geometric and floral patterns, including motifs like the lotus, bell, and swastika, were carved or painted on walls.
• A significant contribution was the use of the double dome and the introduction of the pietra dura style of inlay decorations.

Connect to History

• A glimpse into the architectural changes at the Taj Mahal's surrounding gardens is provided, illustrating how designs evolved over time due to colonial influence.

Case Study: Shah Jahan and the Zenith of Mughal Architecture

• Shah Jahan, a Mughal emperor, introduced significant architectural advancements.
• His most celebrated creation is the Taj Mahal with its distinctive marble double dome and its placement in the middle of a garden.
• Other significant structures during his reign include the Moti Masjid and the Jama Masjid.

Red Fort in Delhi

• The fort served as the royal residence and the capital of the Mughals.
• Its name is derived from the red sandstone used in its construction.
• The fort features beautiful buildings like the Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-i-Khas, which were used for public and private audiences, respectively.

Regional Architecture

• The architectural styles varied across regions, influenced by socio-political changes and interactions with neighboring cultures.
• For example, the emergence of the Mughal style saw transformations in regional architectures, like in Bengal, with its distinctive terracotta temples.