Ques 1: Who is a wholesaler?
Ans: The trader who sells goods in bulk to another trader or traders is called a wholeseller.
Ques 2: Where is the Tehri Dam?
Ans: In Uttarakhand.
Ques 3: What is the atmosphere of earth made of?
Ans: The atmosphere of earth is made of a number of gases, dust and water vapour.
Ques 4: Which is India's International airlines?
Ans: Air India
Ques 5: What do you mean by Censorship?
Ans: This refers to the powers that government has to disallow media from publishing or showing certain issues of public interest.
Ques 6: From where did the Ahom tribe migrate?
Ans: Myanmar.
Ques 7: Why did the Delhi Sultans build mosques all over the subcontinent?
Ans: Delhi Sultans built various mosques in different cities. They wanted to project themselves as protectors of Islam and Muslims. Mosques helped in creating a sense of community sharing, common belief and code of conduct. It was important as the Muslims came from variety of backgrounds.
Ques 8: Why do you think towns grew around temples?
Ans: The towns grew around temples because:
(i) Temple authorities used their wealth to finance trade and banking.
(ii) A large number of priests, workers, artisans, traders etc., settled near the temple to cater its needs and those of pilgrims.
(iii) Gradually, towns grew around the temples which came to be known as temple towns
Ques 9: Give reasons:
(i) Wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day.
(ii) Amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles.
Ans: (i) On a humid day, evaporation takes place at a much slower rate than a dry day. Therefore, evaporation from a wet cloth is also slow. Hence, wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day.
(ii) It is because the solar radiation received gradually decreases as we move from equator towards poles. So solar energy, i.e. insolation also decreases.
Ques 10: Mention the role of Cheras in the development of Malayalam.
Ans: The Chera kingdom of Mahodayapuram was established in the ninth century in the southwestern parts of the peninsula, parts of present-day Kerala. It is expected that Malayalam was spoken in this area. The rulers introduced the Malayalam language and script in their inscriptions.
Ques 11: How did Dr. B. R. Ambedkar view self-respect?
Ans: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar viewed self-respect as the most vital factor in life. Without it, man is a cipher. To live worthily with self-respect, one has to overcome difficulties. It is out of hard and ceaseless struggle alone that one derives strength, confidence and recognition.
Ques 12: What is the requirement of conducting Census every 10 years
Ans: Census is held to count the entire population. It also collects details about age group, work areas, standard of living and so on. All this data helps the government to plan out the development programmes. This helps us to know about the percentage of literate population, ratio of men and women, ratio of rural and urban population, economic status of the people, people engaged in different professions etc.
Ques 13: Why is less information available about tribes?
Ans: Tribal people were found in almost every region of the subcontinent. Contemporary historians and travellers give little information about the tribes because the tribal people mostly did not keep written records. They preserved their customs and oral traditions which were passed on from generation to generation and these were used to write their histories.
Ques 14: Why is a. weekly market called so? How do they work?
Ans: (i) A weekly market is called so because it is held on a specific day of the week.
(ii) Weekly markets do not have permanent shops.
(iii) Traders set up shops for the day.
(iv) They close them up in the evening.
(v) They set up at a different place the next day.
(vi) There are thousands of such markets in India. People come here for their everyday needs.
Ques 15: Suggest some ways in which water can be conserved in your home.
Ans: Ways to conserve water in home:
(i) Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth and washing your hands.
(ii) Fix leaky faucets.
(iii) Water your home garden with a watering can.
(iv) Always use full loads in washing machine for cutting out unnecessary washes in between.
Ques 16: How do sea caves turn into stacks?
Ans: Sea waves strike at the rocks. As a result, cracks develop which become bigger over time and hollow like caves are formed on the rocks. They are called sea caves. These cavities become bigger and bigger and a time comes when only the roof of the caves remain to form sea arches. Further erosion breaks the roof and only walls are left. These walls like features are called stacks. In this way, sea caves turn into stacks.
Ques 17: (i) The head of the State Government is:
(A) Governor
(B) MLA
(C) Chief Minister
(D) Ministers
Ans: Chief Minister
Ques 18: (ii) Who becomes the chief minister?
(A) Leader of the winning party
(B) Leader of the loosing party
(C) Prime minister of the country
(D) President of the country
Ans: Leader of the winning party
Ques 19: (iii) How many constitutions are there in Himachal Pradesh?
(A) 52
(B) 68
(C) 43
(D) 67
Ans: 68
Ques 20: (iv) What name is given to the elected representatives who are not members of ruling party?
(A) Opposition
(B) Constituenc
(C) Majority
(D) Press conference
Ans: Opposition
Ques 21: Mention the features of Prairies grasslands.
Ans: (i) Prairies is a region of flat, gently sloping or hilly land. Mostly, prairies are treeless but, near the low lying plains, flanking river valleys, woodlands can be found.
(ii) Tall grass, upto two metres high, dominates the landscape. It is actually a ?Sea of grass.?
(iii) The prairies are bound by the Rocky Mountains in the West and the Great Lakes in the East.
(iv) In the USA, the area is drained by the tributaries of Mississippi and the Canadian prairies are drained by the tributaries of Saskatchewan rivers.
Ques 22: Describe two types of grasslands found on the globe.
Ans: (i) Tropical grasslands: These grasslands occur on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow about 3 to 4 metres in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type. Common animals found in the tropical grasslands are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards.
(ii) Temperate grasslands: These grasslands are found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents. Usually, grass here is short and nutritious. Wild buffaloes, bisons, antilopes are common in the temperate region.
Ques 23: State True or False:
(a) In the mid of 8th century, Dantidurga overthrew his Chola ruler.
(b) Land gifted to temples was called devadana.
(c) Chahamanas rulers ruled over the regions around Delhi and Ajmer.
(d) Kalhan composed a poem about rulers of Kashmir.
Ans: (a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) True
Ques 24: In what ways has the meaning of the term "Hindustan" changed over the centuries.
Ans: (i) The term ?Hindustan? was first used in 13th century, by Minhaj-i-Siraj. He used this term in political sense for lands that were the part of dominion of Delhi sultanate.
(ii) In early 16th century, this term was used by Babur to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent. In fourteenth century, poet Amir Khusrau used the word Hind for the same. While the idea of a geographical and cultural entity like India existed but the term Hindustan did not carry the political and national meanings which we associate with it today.
(iii) Today, we understand the term Hindustan as India, the modern nation state.
Ques 25: Write a brief note on new religious developments in North India.
Ans: (i) During the thirteenth century, a new wave of the bhakti movement began in North India. This was an age when Islam, Brahmanical Hinduism, Sufism, various strands of bhakti, and the Nathpanths, Siddhas and Yogis influenced one another. Ordinary people like craftspersons, peasants, traders and labourers spread their ideas.
(ii) Kabir and Baba Guru Nanak rejected all orthodox religions. Others like Tulsidas and Surdas accepted existing beliefs and practices but wanted to make these accessible to all. Tulsidas conceived God in the form of Rama. His unique creation Ramcharitmanas, written in Awadhi is an example.
(iii) Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna. His compositions, compiled in the Sursagara, Surasaravali and Sahitya Lahari, express his devotion.
(iv) Saints like Dadu Dayal, Ravidas and Mirabai are worth mentioning here. Mirabai was a Rajput princess who married into the royal family of Mewar in the sixteenth century. She became a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from a caste considered ?untouchable?. She was devoted to Krishna and composed innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
(v) A unique feature of most of the saints is that their works were composed in regional languages and could be sung.
Ques 26: Fill in the blanks:
(a) The uppermost layer of the earth's surface is called the ______
(b) The deepest mine in the world is in _____
(c) Mantle extends up to the depth of ____ km below the crust.
(d) Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth's crust is called a ____.
(e) Igneous and sedimentary rocks changes into ____rocks due to excessive heat and pressure.
Ans: (a) crust
(b) South Africa
(c) 2900
(d) rock
(e) Metamorphic
Ques 27: Discuss the Costa Rican approach about health.
Ans: Costa Rican approach about Health:
(i) Costa Rica is one of the healthiest countries in South America. The main reason for this is found in the Costa Rican constitution.
(ii) Costa Rica took a very important decision to not have an army. This helped the Costa Rican government to spend the additional money on health, education and other basic needs of the people.
(iii) The Costa Rican government believes that a country has to be healthy for its development.
(iv) It pays a lot of attention to the health of people.
(v) The Costa Rican government provides basic services and amenities like safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition, and housing to its entire people. Health education is also considered very important and knowledge about health is an essential part of education at all levels.
Costa Rican approach about Health:
(i) Costa Rica is one of the healthiest countries in South America. The main reason for this is found in the Costa Rican constitution.
(ii) Costa Rica took a very important decision to not have an army. This helped the Costa Rican government to spend the additional money on health, education and other basic needs of the people.
(iii) The Costa Rican government believes that a country has to be healthy for its development.
(iv) It pays a lot of attention to the health of people.
(v) The Costa Rican government provides basic services and amenities like safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition, and housing to its entire people. Health education is also considered very important and knowledge about health is an essential part of education at all levels.
Ques 28: On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara desert and any four countries around it.
Ans:
