Class - Reptiles & Aves Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET

Ans. Reptiles and aves (birds) are two distinct classes of animals. The major differences between them are: 1. Body Temperature Regulation: Reptiles are cold-blooded, meaning their body temperature depends on the external environment. On the other hand, birds are warm-blooded, capable of maintaining a constant body temperature regardless of the surroundings. 2. Skin and Body Covering: Reptiles have dry, scaly skin, while birds have feathers covering their bodies. 3. Reproduction: Most reptiles lay eggs, while birds also lay eggs but have more complex reproductive systems. Birds have specialized organs like the cloaca, which allows them to mate and lay eggs. 4. Respiratory System: Reptiles have lungs for breathing, while birds have highly efficient lungs and air sacs that enable them to extract more oxygen from the air during flight. 5. Skeletal Structure: Reptiles have a heavier skeletal structure, including solid bones, while birds have lightweight, hollow bones adapted for flight.

Ans. Reptiles and birds have different methods of locomotion: 1. Reptiles: Most reptiles move by crawling or slithering on the ground. They use their limbs or body muscles to propel themselves forward. Some reptiles like snakes and lizards can also climb trees or swim. 2. Birds: Birds have evolved for flight and have wings that enable them to fly. Their locomotion is primarily through flapping their wings and using the air currents to stay aloft. While on the ground, birds walk or hop using their legs and feet.

Ans. The respiratory systems of reptiles and birds differ in the following ways: 1. Reptiles: Reptiles have lungs for breathing, similar to mammals. However, their lungs are less efficient, and some reptiles, like snakes, have elongated lungs that allow them to expand their ribcage while swallowing large prey. 2. Birds: Birds have a unique respiratory system that is highly efficient. They have a system of air sacs connected to their lungs, allowing a continuous flow of oxygen-rich air. This enables birds to extract more oxygen from the air, which is crucial for their high-energy activities like flying.

Ans. Examples of reptiles include: 1. Crocodiles and Alligators 2. Turtles and Tortoises 3. Snakes 4. Lizards 5. Tuataras (a reptile species found in New Zealand) Examples of birds include: 1. Eagles 2. Penguins 3. Parrots 4. Sparrows 5. Hummingbirds

Ans. Reptiles and birds have different adaptations to their environments: 1. Reptiles: Reptiles have evolved various adaptations depending on their habitat. For example, desert-dwelling reptiles like the Gila monster have thick, scaly skin to prevent water loss. Some reptiles, like chameleons, have the ability to change color for camouflage. Others, like geckos, have specialized toe pads that allow them to climb vertical surfaces. 2. Birds: Birds have adaptations for flight, such as streamlined bodies, lightweight bones, and powerful wings. They also have beaks or bills that are specialized for their feeding habits, whether it's insect-catching with a sharp beak or seed-cracking with a strong beak. Some birds, like penguins, have adaptations for swimming, such as webbed feet and sleek bodies.