NCERT Explanation: Climate Video Lecture | Social Studies (SST) Class 9

Ans. Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other aspects of the Earth's climate system. It is primarily caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, leading to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change affects our planet by causing rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and disruptions to ecosystems.

Ans. The main greenhouse gases responsible for climate change are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is the most significant greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels. Methane is released during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as from livestock and other agricultural practices. Nitrous oxide is mainly emitted from agricultural and industrial activities.

Ans. Deforestation contributes to climate change in several ways. Trees act as carbon sinks by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. When forests are cleared or burned, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Deforestation also reduces the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide, leading to higher levels of the gas in the atmosphere. Additionally, forests provide shade and regulate local climate patterns, and their removal can disrupt rainfall patterns and contribute to regional climate change.

Ans. Climate change has various impacts on human health. Rising temperatures can lead to heat-related illnesses and deaths, especially in vulnerable populations. Changes in precipitation patterns can affect the availability and quality of water, leading to waterborne diseases and inadequate sanitation. Extreme weather events such as hurricanes and floods can cause injuries, displacement, and mental health issues. Climate change also exacerbates air pollution, respiratory diseases, and the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever.

Ans. To mitigate climate change, several strategies can be implemented. Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector. Increasing energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industries can also help lower emissions. Conserving and restoring forests play a crucial role as they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Additionally, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, reducing food waste, and promoting circular economy principles can contribute to mitigating climate change. International cooperation and policy measures are also necessary for effective mitigation efforts.