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Phylum - Coelenterata Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET

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1. What are the characteristics of animals belonging to the phylum Coelenterata?
Ans. Animals belonging to the phylum Coelenterata, also known as Cnidaria, have certain distinct characteristics. They possess radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. They also have specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes, which they use for defense and capturing prey. Additionally, Coelenterata animals have a simple body structure with two cell layers, an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis, separated by a jelly-like substance called mesoglea.
2. How do Coelenterata animals reproduce?
Ans. Coelenterata animals have both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs through a process called budding, where a new individual grows as an outgrowth from the parent organism. Sexual reproduction involves the release of eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization takes place externally. The fertilized egg then develops into a larva, which later transforms into a mature individual.
3. What are some examples of Coelenterata animals?
Ans. Some common examples of Coelenterata animals include jellyfish, sea anemones, coral, and hydra. Jellyfish are known for their bell-shaped body and tentacles, while sea anemones are stationary organisms with a cylindrical body and numerous tentacles. Coral are colonial animals that form intricate structures and provide habitats for various marine species. Hydra are small, freshwater organisms with a tubular body and tentacles.
4. How do Coelenterata animals obtain their food?
Ans. Coelenterata animals are carnivorous and primarily feed on small aquatic organisms. They capture their prey using their specialized stinging cells, called cnidocytes, which contain harpoon-like structures called nematocysts. When a prey comes in contact with the tentacles of a Coelenterata animal, the nematocysts are triggered, and the prey is immobilized or killed by the injected toxins. The animal then uses its tentacles to bring the prey close to its mouth for ingestion.
5. What is the ecological significance of Coelenterata animals?
Ans. Coelenterata animals play an important ecological role in marine ecosystems. They serve as both predators and prey, contributing to the balance of the food chain. Additionally, coral reefs, formed by colonial Coelenterata animals, are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, providing shelter and food for numerous marine species. Furthermore, Coelenterata animals act as bioindicators, reflecting the health of their surrounding environment and helping scientists monitor the overall well-being of marine ecosystems.
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