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Combustion


Combustion of Alkenes

  • These compounds undergo complete and incomplete combustion but because of the higher carbon to hydrogen ratio they tend to undergo incomplete combustion, producing a smoky flame in air.
  • Complete combustion occurs when there is excess oxygen so water and carbon dioxide form e.g:
    Combustion of Alkenes | Chemistry for Grade 10
  • Incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen to burn so a mixture of products can form, e.g:
    Combustion of Alkenes | Chemistry for Grade 10
  • In addition to carbon monoxide, carbon in the form of soot can be produced:
    Combustion of Alkenes | Chemistry for Grade 10
  • This is more likely to occur in higher alkenes with larger number of carbons
  • This is seen as smoky yellow flames when the alkenes burn

Exam Tip

Smoky flames indicates a higher carbon to hydrogen ratio in organic molecules, such as alkenes.

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