Daily Practice Problems (DPP) for NEET: The Living World (Solutions) | Biology Class 11 PDF Download

 Page 1


Solution
1. (b)
There are 7 obligate hierarchial levels of
taxonomic categories. These started from
species, which is the unit/basis of taxonomical
studies. It constitute the group of interbreeding
organisms. This is natural unit of taxonomical
group. Group of families with more or less similar
characteristics called order. The upppermost
category in which Divisions/Phylum present
called Kingdom. It form the uppermost category
of hierarchial system in taxonomical studies.
2. (d)
Species is the lowest category in basic taxonomic
hierarchy and has the maximum common
characterstics with other species under the same
genus. The genus is an aggregate or a group of
closely related species. Family is the group of
closely related genera, and has less common
characterstics than species or genus rank. Order
is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of families
having similar characterstics.
Class is a group of related orders.
Phylum: The classes with similar features are
grouped into phylum in animals and division in
plants. The phyla are grouped into still broader
categories, called kingdom.
3. (b)
Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to
the same species if they can reproduce freely
with each other and form seeds. The formed seed
must be viable. Two animals can be regarded as
species when they can interbred each other and
form fertile progency.
4. (c)
Taxa is a plural form of taxon. Taxon is a grouping of
organisms of any level in hierarchial classification
which is based on some common characteristics. It
represents real biological objects placed in any
category while category itself is an abstract term.
5. (a)
Taxonomical hierarchy (introduced by Linneaus)
is arrangement of various taxonomic levels in the
descending order, starting from kingdom upto
species. The number of similar characters of
categories decreases from lowest rank to highest
rank i.e., from species to kingdom. There are 7
obligate categories which constitute taxonomical
hierarchy. In addition to these obligate categories
there are some optional categories are as follows.
e.g., Tribe, subclass, superclass, etc.
6. (a)
Class is a group of related orders.
7. (b)
All organisms therefore, are aware of their
surroundings. However, human being is the only
organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-
consciousness.
8. (d)
The disadvantage of using common name for
species is that the names may change, one name
does not apply universally, one species may have
several common names and one common name
may be applied to two species.
9. (d)
Characterisation, identification, classification and
nomenclature are the processes that are basic to
taxonomy.
10. (a)
All the members of a taxonomic category possess
some similar characters which are different from
those of others. The placement of individuals or
organisms in species, genus, family, order, class
and phylum are determined by their specific similar
characters and relationships. Maximum similarity
occurs in species which is also the lowest
category in the hierarchy of categories. Similarity
of characters decreases with the ascent in
hierarchy.
11. (b)
Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all the
chemical reactions occurring in our body. All
plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit
metabolism. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro
are not living things but are living reactions.
12. (d)
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the
variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural
processes. This includes ecosystem, genetic and
cultural diversity, and the connections between
these and all species. The different aspects of
biodiversity all have a very strong influence on
each other.
13. (d)
Order being higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar
characteristic. Dog (Canis familaris) and Cat
(Felis domesticus) belong to two different
families—Canidae and Felidae respectively.
Page 2


Solution
1. (b)
There are 7 obligate hierarchial levels of
taxonomic categories. These started from
species, which is the unit/basis of taxonomical
studies. It constitute the group of interbreeding
organisms. This is natural unit of taxonomical
group. Group of families with more or less similar
characteristics called order. The upppermost
category in which Divisions/Phylum present
called Kingdom. It form the uppermost category
of hierarchial system in taxonomical studies.
2. (d)
Species is the lowest category in basic taxonomic
hierarchy and has the maximum common
characterstics with other species under the same
genus. The genus is an aggregate or a group of
closely related species. Family is the group of
closely related genera, and has less common
characterstics than species or genus rank. Order
is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of families
having similar characterstics.
Class is a group of related orders.
Phylum: The classes with similar features are
grouped into phylum in animals and division in
plants. The phyla are grouped into still broader
categories, called kingdom.
3. (b)
Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to
the same species if they can reproduce freely
with each other and form seeds. The formed seed
must be viable. Two animals can be regarded as
species when they can interbred each other and
form fertile progency.
4. (c)
Taxa is a plural form of taxon. Taxon is a grouping of
organisms of any level in hierarchial classification
which is based on some common characteristics. It
represents real biological objects placed in any
category while category itself is an abstract term.
5. (a)
Taxonomical hierarchy (introduced by Linneaus)
is arrangement of various taxonomic levels in the
descending order, starting from kingdom upto
species. The number of similar characters of
categories decreases from lowest rank to highest
rank i.e., from species to kingdom. There are 7
obligate categories which constitute taxonomical
hierarchy. In addition to these obligate categories
there are some optional categories are as follows.
e.g., Tribe, subclass, superclass, etc.
6. (a)
Class is a group of related orders.
7. (b)
All organisms therefore, are aware of their
surroundings. However, human being is the only
organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-
consciousness.
8. (d)
The disadvantage of using common name for
species is that the names may change, one name
does not apply universally, one species may have
several common names and one common name
may be applied to two species.
9. (d)
Characterisation, identification, classification and
nomenclature are the processes that are basic to
taxonomy.
10. (a)
All the members of a taxonomic category possess
some similar characters which are different from
those of others. The placement of individuals or
organisms in species, genus, family, order, class
and phylum are determined by their specific similar
characters and relationships. Maximum similarity
occurs in species which is also the lowest
category in the hierarchy of categories. Similarity
of characters decreases with the ascent in
hierarchy.
11. (b)
Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all the
chemical reactions occurring in our body. All
plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit
metabolism. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro
are not living things but are living reactions.
12. (d)
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the
variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural
processes. This includes ecosystem, genetic and
cultural diversity, and the connections between
these and all species. The different aspects of
biodiversity all have a very strong influence on
each other.
13. (d)
Order being higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar
characteristic. Dog (Canis familaris) and Cat
(Felis domesticus) belong to two different
families—Canidae and Felidae respectively.
14. (c)
In majority of higher animals and plants, growth
and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.
15. (b)
Reproduction refers to the production of progeny
possessing features more or less similar to those
of parents. The fungi, the filamentous algae, the
protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
16. (d)
All the given statements are correct. All living
organisms have the ability to respond the
environment stimuli which could be physical,
chemical or biological. Plant responds to external
factors like light, water, temperature etc.
Photoperiod is defined as the developmental
responses of plants to the relative lengths of light
and dark periods. It exclusively affects the
reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants
and animals. Human being is the only organism
who has self - consciousness.
17. (c)
Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura
and Petunia are placed in the family solanaceae.
In case of plants, classes with a few similar
characters are assigned to a higher category called
division. Phylum is used in case of animals.
18. (c)
Some characteristics of living organisms are
growth, reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli,
and metabolism.
19. (c)
Growth may be defined as a positive change in size,
often over a period of time. It can occur as a stage
of maturation or a process toward fullness or
fulfillment. Growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span in plants.
20. (b)
Genus comprises a group of related species which
has more characters in common in comparison
to species of other genera.
21. (d)
A mule is sterile. Worker bees are sterile females.
Infertile human couples cannot produce fertile
offspring.
22. (c)
(I) Name of the author appears after the
specific epithet, and is written in an
abbreviated form.
23. (a)
Species refers to each different kind of plant,
animal or organism in our surroundings.
Biodiversity is the total number and types of living
organisms present on earth. The number of
species  range between 1.7 - 1.8 million.
24. (a)
The number and types of organisms present on
earth is known as biodiversity.
25. (a)
All living organisms—present, past and future are
linked to one another by the sharing of the common
genetic material, but to varying degrees.
The genetic material of living organisms undergoes
mutations and reshuffling of genes. This causes
variations in the genetic material. Variations are
so abundant that no two individuals of the same
race are exactly similar.
26. (c)
Name of the author appears after the specific
epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological name,
and is generally written in an abbreviated form,
e.g., Mangifera indica Linn.
27. (c)
Three different genera Solanum, Petunia and
Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae.
28. (c)
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae are
included in the order Polymoniales mainly based
on the floral characters.
29. (c)
The scientific name of dog is Canis familiaris.
30. (a)
In unicellular organism like bacteria, algae
(unicellular) and amoeba, reproduction involves
increase in number of cells and thus, it is
synonymous with growth.
31. (b)
The scientific naming of an organism is termed
binomial nomenclature. It was first given by Carl
Linnaeus. In this system, the first section of the
name indicates genus, and the second one
indicating the species name. Genus name should
always start with a capital letter and the species
name should start with a small letter. In the
biological name both the words, when handwritten
are separately underlined or printed in italics.
Page 3


Solution
1. (b)
There are 7 obligate hierarchial levels of
taxonomic categories. These started from
species, which is the unit/basis of taxonomical
studies. It constitute the group of interbreeding
organisms. This is natural unit of taxonomical
group. Group of families with more or less similar
characteristics called order. The upppermost
category in which Divisions/Phylum present
called Kingdom. It form the uppermost category
of hierarchial system in taxonomical studies.
2. (d)
Species is the lowest category in basic taxonomic
hierarchy and has the maximum common
characterstics with other species under the same
genus. The genus is an aggregate or a group of
closely related species. Family is the group of
closely related genera, and has less common
characterstics than species or genus rank. Order
is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of families
having similar characterstics.
Class is a group of related orders.
Phylum: The classes with similar features are
grouped into phylum in animals and division in
plants. The phyla are grouped into still broader
categories, called kingdom.
3. (b)
Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to
the same species if they can reproduce freely
with each other and form seeds. The formed seed
must be viable. Two animals can be regarded as
species when they can interbred each other and
form fertile progency.
4. (c)
Taxa is a plural form of taxon. Taxon is a grouping of
organisms of any level in hierarchial classification
which is based on some common characteristics. It
represents real biological objects placed in any
category while category itself is an abstract term.
5. (a)
Taxonomical hierarchy (introduced by Linneaus)
is arrangement of various taxonomic levels in the
descending order, starting from kingdom upto
species. The number of similar characters of
categories decreases from lowest rank to highest
rank i.e., from species to kingdom. There are 7
obligate categories which constitute taxonomical
hierarchy. In addition to these obligate categories
there are some optional categories are as follows.
e.g., Tribe, subclass, superclass, etc.
6. (a)
Class is a group of related orders.
7. (b)
All organisms therefore, are aware of their
surroundings. However, human being is the only
organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-
consciousness.
8. (d)
The disadvantage of using common name for
species is that the names may change, one name
does not apply universally, one species may have
several common names and one common name
may be applied to two species.
9. (d)
Characterisation, identification, classification and
nomenclature are the processes that are basic to
taxonomy.
10. (a)
All the members of a taxonomic category possess
some similar characters which are different from
those of others. The placement of individuals or
organisms in species, genus, family, order, class
and phylum are determined by their specific similar
characters and relationships. Maximum similarity
occurs in species which is also the lowest
category in the hierarchy of categories. Similarity
of characters decreases with the ascent in
hierarchy.
11. (b)
Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all the
chemical reactions occurring in our body. All
plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit
metabolism. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro
are not living things but are living reactions.
12. (d)
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the
variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural
processes. This includes ecosystem, genetic and
cultural diversity, and the connections between
these and all species. The different aspects of
biodiversity all have a very strong influence on
each other.
13. (d)
Order being higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar
characteristic. Dog (Canis familaris) and Cat
(Felis domesticus) belong to two different
families—Canidae and Felidae respectively.
14. (c)
In majority of higher animals and plants, growth
and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.
15. (b)
Reproduction refers to the production of progeny
possessing features more or less similar to those
of parents. The fungi, the filamentous algae, the
protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
16. (d)
All the given statements are correct. All living
organisms have the ability to respond the
environment stimuli which could be physical,
chemical or biological. Plant responds to external
factors like light, water, temperature etc.
Photoperiod is defined as the developmental
responses of plants to the relative lengths of light
and dark periods. It exclusively affects the
reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants
and animals. Human being is the only organism
who has self - consciousness.
17. (c)
Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura
and Petunia are placed in the family solanaceae.
In case of plants, classes with a few similar
characters are assigned to a higher category called
division. Phylum is used in case of animals.
18. (c)
Some characteristics of living organisms are
growth, reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli,
and metabolism.
19. (c)
Growth may be defined as a positive change in size,
often over a period of time. It can occur as a stage
of maturation or a process toward fullness or
fulfillment. Growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span in plants.
20. (b)
Genus comprises a group of related species which
has more characters in common in comparison
to species of other genera.
21. (d)
A mule is sterile. Worker bees are sterile females.
Infertile human couples cannot produce fertile
offspring.
22. (c)
(I) Name of the author appears after the
specific epithet, and is written in an
abbreviated form.
23. (a)
Species refers to each different kind of plant,
animal or organism in our surroundings.
Biodiversity is the total number and types of living
organisms present on earth. The number of
species  range between 1.7 - 1.8 million.
24. (a)
The number and types of organisms present on
earth is known as biodiversity.
25. (a)
All living organisms—present, past and future are
linked to one another by the sharing of the common
genetic material, but to varying degrees.
The genetic material of living organisms undergoes
mutations and reshuffling of genes. This causes
variations in the genetic material. Variations are
so abundant that no two individuals of the same
race are exactly similar.
26. (c)
Name of the author appears after the specific
epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological name,
and is generally written in an abbreviated form,
e.g., Mangifera indica Linn.
27. (c)
Three different genera Solanum, Petunia and
Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae.
28. (c)
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae are
included in the order Polymoniales mainly based
on the floral characters.
29. (c)
The scientific name of dog is Canis familiaris.
30. (a)
In unicellular organism like bacteria, algae
(unicellular) and amoeba, reproduction involves
increase in number of cells and thus, it is
synonymous with growth.
31. (b)
The scientific naming of an organism is termed
binomial nomenclature. It was first given by Carl
Linnaeus. In this system, the first section of the
name indicates genus, and the second one
indicating the species name. Genus name should
always start with a capital letter and the species
name should start with a small letter. In the
biological name both the words, when handwritten
are separately underlined or printed in italics.
32. (a)
Ncert table 1.1
33. (b)
As we go higher from species to kingdom, the
number of common characteristics goes on
decreasing.
34. (c)
Growth is the act or process, or a manner of
growing; development; gradual increase. It is
an exclusive event in majority of the higher
animals and plants. In plants, growth occurs
continuously throughout their life span and in
animal, growth is seen only up to a certain age.
In living organisms, growth is from inside.
Therefore, it cannot be taken as a defining
property of living organisms.
35. (d)
Accumulation of material by external agency cause
extrinsic growth which occurs in non living objects.
36. (a)
Non-living things show extrinsic growth.
37. (d)
Increase in mass and increase in number are twin
characteristics of growth. Growth is defined as
increase in size and mass during the development
of an organism over a period of time. It is measured
as an increase in biomass and is associated with
cell division by mitosis, subsequent increases in cell
size, and with the differentiation of cells to perform
particular functions.
38. (d)
All the statements regarding nomenclature are
correct. Nomenclature is giving distinct scientific
names to various structures including living
organisms for their identification. It is a set of
rules used for forming the names or terms in a
particular field of arts or sciences. Nomenclature
is only possible when the organism is described
correctly and we know to what organisms the
name is attached to (called identification).
39. (b)
Ncert table 1.1
40. (a)
In plants, growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span.This
continuos growth in plant is axial (i.e., takes place
on two axes) and unique. Plant growth consists
of primary and secondary growth, on the basis of
time when it occurs.
41. (d)
Taxonomy play no role in protection of biodiversity
42. (d)
Order is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of
families having similar characteristics. However,
the common characteristic will be fewer than at
family or genus level. In mammals the common
orders are primates (monkey, gorilla and human),
carnivora, rodentia and cetacea (whale and
dolphin).
43. (d)
Species is the lowest category in taxonomic
hierarchy. Species is a group of animals, plants
or other living things that all share common
characteristics and that are all classified as alike
in some manner.
44. (a)
Order being a higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
The similar characters are less in number as
compared to different genera included in a family.
45. (b)
The rules of binomial nomenclature states that
1. All living organisms should have scientific name
consisting of two words, the first is the genus
and starts with a capital letter and the second is
the species, starting with a small letter.
2. All names should be in italics if typed or printed.
3. When handwritten, the two words of the
scientific name are separately underlined.
So the correct scientific name of wheat is
TriticumaestivumLinn.
46. (c)
Class of mango is dicotyledone.
47. (c)
Biological names are consist of generic name and
specific epithet
48. (a)
The living beings continuously interact with the
environment.Living beings also show continuous
progressive evolution to become more
advanced.Example, in the continuous exposure
to the antibiotics, bacteria develop antibiotic
resistance and become more evolved.Non living
things do not interact with the environment and
they do not evolve.
Page 4


Solution
1. (b)
There are 7 obligate hierarchial levels of
taxonomic categories. These started from
species, which is the unit/basis of taxonomical
studies. It constitute the group of interbreeding
organisms. This is natural unit of taxonomical
group. Group of families with more or less similar
characteristics called order. The upppermost
category in which Divisions/Phylum present
called Kingdom. It form the uppermost category
of hierarchial system in taxonomical studies.
2. (d)
Species is the lowest category in basic taxonomic
hierarchy and has the maximum common
characterstics with other species under the same
genus. The genus is an aggregate or a group of
closely related species. Family is the group of
closely related genera, and has less common
characterstics than species or genus rank. Order
is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of families
having similar characterstics.
Class is a group of related orders.
Phylum: The classes with similar features are
grouped into phylum in animals and division in
plants. The phyla are grouped into still broader
categories, called kingdom.
3. (b)
Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to
the same species if they can reproduce freely
with each other and form seeds. The formed seed
must be viable. Two animals can be regarded as
species when they can interbred each other and
form fertile progency.
4. (c)
Taxa is a plural form of taxon. Taxon is a grouping of
organisms of any level in hierarchial classification
which is based on some common characteristics. It
represents real biological objects placed in any
category while category itself is an abstract term.
5. (a)
Taxonomical hierarchy (introduced by Linneaus)
is arrangement of various taxonomic levels in the
descending order, starting from kingdom upto
species. The number of similar characters of
categories decreases from lowest rank to highest
rank i.e., from species to kingdom. There are 7
obligate categories which constitute taxonomical
hierarchy. In addition to these obligate categories
there are some optional categories are as follows.
e.g., Tribe, subclass, superclass, etc.
6. (a)
Class is a group of related orders.
7. (b)
All organisms therefore, are aware of their
surroundings. However, human being is the only
organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-
consciousness.
8. (d)
The disadvantage of using common name for
species is that the names may change, one name
does not apply universally, one species may have
several common names and one common name
may be applied to two species.
9. (d)
Characterisation, identification, classification and
nomenclature are the processes that are basic to
taxonomy.
10. (a)
All the members of a taxonomic category possess
some similar characters which are different from
those of others. The placement of individuals or
organisms in species, genus, family, order, class
and phylum are determined by their specific similar
characters and relationships. Maximum similarity
occurs in species which is also the lowest
category in the hierarchy of categories. Similarity
of characters decreases with the ascent in
hierarchy.
11. (b)
Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all the
chemical reactions occurring in our body. All
plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit
metabolism. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro
are not living things but are living reactions.
12. (d)
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the
variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural
processes. This includes ecosystem, genetic and
cultural diversity, and the connections between
these and all species. The different aspects of
biodiversity all have a very strong influence on
each other.
13. (d)
Order being higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar
characteristic. Dog (Canis familaris) and Cat
(Felis domesticus) belong to two different
families—Canidae and Felidae respectively.
14. (c)
In majority of higher animals and plants, growth
and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.
15. (b)
Reproduction refers to the production of progeny
possessing features more or less similar to those
of parents. The fungi, the filamentous algae, the
protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
16. (d)
All the given statements are correct. All living
organisms have the ability to respond the
environment stimuli which could be physical,
chemical or biological. Plant responds to external
factors like light, water, temperature etc.
Photoperiod is defined as the developmental
responses of plants to the relative lengths of light
and dark periods. It exclusively affects the
reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants
and animals. Human being is the only organism
who has self - consciousness.
17. (c)
Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura
and Petunia are placed in the family solanaceae.
In case of plants, classes with a few similar
characters are assigned to a higher category called
division. Phylum is used in case of animals.
18. (c)
Some characteristics of living organisms are
growth, reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli,
and metabolism.
19. (c)
Growth may be defined as a positive change in size,
often over a period of time. It can occur as a stage
of maturation or a process toward fullness or
fulfillment. Growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span in plants.
20. (b)
Genus comprises a group of related species which
has more characters in common in comparison
to species of other genera.
21. (d)
A mule is sterile. Worker bees are sterile females.
Infertile human couples cannot produce fertile
offspring.
22. (c)
(I) Name of the author appears after the
specific epithet, and is written in an
abbreviated form.
23. (a)
Species refers to each different kind of plant,
animal or organism in our surroundings.
Biodiversity is the total number and types of living
organisms present on earth. The number of
species  range between 1.7 - 1.8 million.
24. (a)
The number and types of organisms present on
earth is known as biodiversity.
25. (a)
All living organisms—present, past and future are
linked to one another by the sharing of the common
genetic material, but to varying degrees.
The genetic material of living organisms undergoes
mutations and reshuffling of genes. This causes
variations in the genetic material. Variations are
so abundant that no two individuals of the same
race are exactly similar.
26. (c)
Name of the author appears after the specific
epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological name,
and is generally written in an abbreviated form,
e.g., Mangifera indica Linn.
27. (c)
Three different genera Solanum, Petunia and
Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae.
28. (c)
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae are
included in the order Polymoniales mainly based
on the floral characters.
29. (c)
The scientific name of dog is Canis familiaris.
30. (a)
In unicellular organism like bacteria, algae
(unicellular) and amoeba, reproduction involves
increase in number of cells and thus, it is
synonymous with growth.
31. (b)
The scientific naming of an organism is termed
binomial nomenclature. It was first given by Carl
Linnaeus. In this system, the first section of the
name indicates genus, and the second one
indicating the species name. Genus name should
always start with a capital letter and the species
name should start with a small letter. In the
biological name both the words, when handwritten
are separately underlined or printed in italics.
32. (a)
Ncert table 1.1
33. (b)
As we go higher from species to kingdom, the
number of common characteristics goes on
decreasing.
34. (c)
Growth is the act or process, or a manner of
growing; development; gradual increase. It is
an exclusive event in majority of the higher
animals and plants. In plants, growth occurs
continuously throughout their life span and in
animal, growth is seen only up to a certain age.
In living organisms, growth is from inside.
Therefore, it cannot be taken as a defining
property of living organisms.
35. (d)
Accumulation of material by external agency cause
extrinsic growth which occurs in non living objects.
36. (a)
Non-living things show extrinsic growth.
37. (d)
Increase in mass and increase in number are twin
characteristics of growth. Growth is defined as
increase in size and mass during the development
of an organism over a period of time. It is measured
as an increase in biomass and is associated with
cell division by mitosis, subsequent increases in cell
size, and with the differentiation of cells to perform
particular functions.
38. (d)
All the statements regarding nomenclature are
correct. Nomenclature is giving distinct scientific
names to various structures including living
organisms for their identification. It is a set of
rules used for forming the names or terms in a
particular field of arts or sciences. Nomenclature
is only possible when the organism is described
correctly and we know to what organisms the
name is attached to (called identification).
39. (b)
Ncert table 1.1
40. (a)
In plants, growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span.This
continuos growth in plant is axial (i.e., takes place
on two axes) and unique. Plant growth consists
of primary and secondary growth, on the basis of
time when it occurs.
41. (d)
Taxonomy play no role in protection of biodiversity
42. (d)
Order is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of
families having similar characteristics. However,
the common characteristic will be fewer than at
family or genus level. In mammals the common
orders are primates (monkey, gorilla and human),
carnivora, rodentia and cetacea (whale and
dolphin).
43. (d)
Species is the lowest category in taxonomic
hierarchy. Species is a group of animals, plants
or other living things that all share common
characteristics and that are all classified as alike
in some manner.
44. (a)
Order being a higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
The similar characters are less in number as
compared to different genera included in a family.
45. (b)
The rules of binomial nomenclature states that
1. All living organisms should have scientific name
consisting of two words, the first is the genus
and starts with a capital letter and the second is
the species, starting with a small letter.
2. All names should be in italics if typed or printed.
3. When handwritten, the two words of the
scientific name are separately underlined.
So the correct scientific name of wheat is
TriticumaestivumLinn.
46. (c)
Class of mango is dicotyledone.
47. (c)
Biological names are consist of generic name and
specific epithet
48. (a)
The living beings continuously interact with the
environment.Living beings also show continuous
progressive evolution to become more
advanced.Example, in the continuous exposure
to the antibiotics, bacteria develop antibiotic
resistance and become more evolved.Non living
things do not interact with the environment and
they do not evolve.
49. (b)
Replication of the genetic information causes
transfer of genetic information from one
generation to the next.
50. (a)
The first word denoting the genus starts with a
capital letter while the specific epithet starts with
a small letter.
51. (d)
All living organisms share certain unified and basic
characteristics including energy utilization, regulation
or homeostasis, growth, development, reproduction,
adaptation metabolism and interaction.
52. (a)
All cells arise from pre-existing cells by a process
of cell division. Cell division is the phenomenon
of production of daughter cell from parent cell. It
occurs continuously in plants and only up to a
certain age in animals.
53. (c)
In unicellular organisms, both growth and
reproduction are inclusive events as unicellular
organisms simply grow by cell division, in which
their population size also increases. Both the
features are exclusive in multicellular organisms.
54. (b)
When it comes to unicellular organisms like
bacteria, unicellular algae or Amoeba,
reproduction is synonymous with growth, i.e.,
increase in number of cells.
55. (a)
Non-living objects have characteristic growth called
extrinsic growth in which object grows after
accumulating substance over its surface. Living
organisms show intrinsic growth (i.e., grows from inside).
56. (b)
Reproduction ensures the continuity of the
species, generation after generation. Genetic
variations are created and inherited during
reproduction.
57. (d)
Fragmentation is asexual mode of reproduction
in which an organism is split into fragments. Each
of these fragments develops into mature, fully
grown individuals that are clones of the original
organism. The fungi, the filamentous algae and
the protonema of mosses all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
58. (a)
Catabolism – Breakdown of substances eg.,
Respiration
Anabolism – Formation of substances. eg.,
Photosynthesis.
Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism.
These are defining features of all life forms.
59. (c)
The term biodiversity is used for the variety and
variability among all forms of living organisms like
plants, animals, and micro-organisms present in
a given region under natural conditions.
Biodiversity can be defined as the totality of
genes, species and ecosystem of a region. India
is very rich in biodiversity.
60. (a)
ICBN (International Code for Botanical
Nomenclature) is one of the code of nomenclature
which is independent of zoological and
bacteriological nomenclature. The foundations of
ICBN was found in Philosophia Botanica, a book
written by C. Linnaeus.
61. (c)
Panthera and Felis belong to the family Felidae.
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae
are included in the order Polymoniales mainly
based on the floral characters.
62. (c)
Fungi shows fragmentation, budding, Planaria
truely regenerate during its life cycle.
Mossess shows fragmentation for propagation of
their progenies. Thallus tip, protonema fragments
and even rhizoids can grow into new moss thallus.
63. (a)
ICZN stands for International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature
64. (b)
A - IV; B - III; C - II; D - I
65. (a)
A - IV; B - III; C - II; D - I
66. (b)
Dogs, cats and animals represents taxa at
different levels
67. (b)
A - V; B - IV; C - II; D - I; E - III
Page 5


Solution
1. (b)
There are 7 obligate hierarchial levels of
taxonomic categories. These started from
species, which is the unit/basis of taxonomical
studies. It constitute the group of interbreeding
organisms. This is natural unit of taxonomical
group. Group of families with more or less similar
characteristics called order. The upppermost
category in which Divisions/Phylum present
called Kingdom. It form the uppermost category
of hierarchial system in taxonomical studies.
2. (d)
Species is the lowest category in basic taxonomic
hierarchy and has the maximum common
characterstics with other species under the same
genus. The genus is an aggregate or a group of
closely related species. Family is the group of
closely related genera, and has less common
characterstics than species or genus rank. Order
is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of families
having similar characterstics.
Class is a group of related orders.
Phylum: The classes with similar features are
grouped into phylum in animals and division in
plants. The phyla are grouped into still broader
categories, called kingdom.
3. (b)
Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to
the same species if they can reproduce freely
with each other and form seeds. The formed seed
must be viable. Two animals can be regarded as
species when they can interbred each other and
form fertile progency.
4. (c)
Taxa is a plural form of taxon. Taxon is a grouping of
organisms of any level in hierarchial classification
which is based on some common characteristics. It
represents real biological objects placed in any
category while category itself is an abstract term.
5. (a)
Taxonomical hierarchy (introduced by Linneaus)
is arrangement of various taxonomic levels in the
descending order, starting from kingdom upto
species. The number of similar characters of
categories decreases from lowest rank to highest
rank i.e., from species to kingdom. There are 7
obligate categories which constitute taxonomical
hierarchy. In addition to these obligate categories
there are some optional categories are as follows.
e.g., Tribe, subclass, superclass, etc.
6. (a)
Class is a group of related orders.
7. (b)
All organisms therefore, are aware of their
surroundings. However, human being is the only
organism who is aware of himself, i.e., has self-
consciousness.
8. (d)
The disadvantage of using common name for
species is that the names may change, one name
does not apply universally, one species may have
several common names and one common name
may be applied to two species.
9. (d)
Characterisation, identification, classification and
nomenclature are the processes that are basic to
taxonomy.
10. (a)
All the members of a taxonomic category possess
some similar characters which are different from
those of others. The placement of individuals or
organisms in species, genus, family, order, class
and phylum are determined by their specific similar
characters and relationships. Maximum similarity
occurs in species which is also the lowest
category in the hierarchy of categories. Similarity
of characters decreases with the ascent in
hierarchy.
11. (b)
Metabolism is defined as the sum total of all the
chemical reactions occurring in our body. All
plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit
metabolism. Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro
are not living things but are living reactions.
12. (d)
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the
variety of life found on Earth and all of the natural
processes. This includes ecosystem, genetic and
cultural diversity, and the connections between
these and all species. The different aspects of
biodiversity all have a very strong influence on
each other.
13. (d)
Order being higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar
characteristic. Dog (Canis familaris) and Cat
(Felis domesticus) belong to two different
families—Canidae and Felidae respectively.
14. (c)
In majority of higher animals and plants, growth
and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.
15. (b)
Reproduction refers to the production of progeny
possessing features more or less similar to those
of parents. The fungi, the filamentous algae, the
protonema of mosses, all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
16. (d)
All the given statements are correct. All living
organisms have the ability to respond the
environment stimuli which could be physical,
chemical or biological. Plant responds to external
factors like light, water, temperature etc.
Photoperiod is defined as the developmental
responses of plants to the relative lengths of light
and dark periods. It exclusively affects the
reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants
and animals. Human being is the only organism
who has self - consciousness.
17. (c)
Three different genera such as Solanum, Datura
and Petunia are placed in the family solanaceae.
In case of plants, classes with a few similar
characters are assigned to a higher category called
division. Phylum is used in case of animals.
18. (c)
Some characteristics of living organisms are
growth, reproduction, responsiveness to stimuli,
and metabolism.
19. (c)
Growth may be defined as a positive change in size,
often over a period of time. It can occur as a stage
of maturation or a process toward fullness or
fulfillment. Growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span in plants.
20. (b)
Genus comprises a group of related species which
has more characters in common in comparison
to species of other genera.
21. (d)
A mule is sterile. Worker bees are sterile females.
Infertile human couples cannot produce fertile
offspring.
22. (c)
(I) Name of the author appears after the
specific epithet, and is written in an
abbreviated form.
23. (a)
Species refers to each different kind of plant,
animal or organism in our surroundings.
Biodiversity is the total number and types of living
organisms present on earth. The number of
species  range between 1.7 - 1.8 million.
24. (a)
The number and types of organisms present on
earth is known as biodiversity.
25. (a)
All living organisms—present, past and future are
linked to one another by the sharing of the common
genetic material, but to varying degrees.
The genetic material of living organisms undergoes
mutations and reshuffling of genes. This causes
variations in the genetic material. Variations are
so abundant that no two individuals of the same
race are exactly similar.
26. (c)
Name of the author appears after the specific
epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological name,
and is generally written in an abbreviated form,
e.g., Mangifera indica Linn.
27. (c)
Three different genera Solanum, Petunia and
Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae.
28. (c)
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae are
included in the order Polymoniales mainly based
on the floral characters.
29. (c)
The scientific name of dog is Canis familiaris.
30. (a)
In unicellular organism like bacteria, algae
(unicellular) and amoeba, reproduction involves
increase in number of cells and thus, it is
synonymous with growth.
31. (b)
The scientific naming of an organism is termed
binomial nomenclature. It was first given by Carl
Linnaeus. In this system, the first section of the
name indicates genus, and the second one
indicating the species name. Genus name should
always start with a capital letter and the species
name should start with a small letter. In the
biological name both the words, when handwritten
are separately underlined or printed in italics.
32. (a)
Ncert table 1.1
33. (b)
As we go higher from species to kingdom, the
number of common characteristics goes on
decreasing.
34. (c)
Growth is the act or process, or a manner of
growing; development; gradual increase. It is
an exclusive event in majority of the higher
animals and plants. In plants, growth occurs
continuously throughout their life span and in
animal, growth is seen only up to a certain age.
In living organisms, growth is from inside.
Therefore, it cannot be taken as a defining
property of living organisms.
35. (d)
Accumulation of material by external agency cause
extrinsic growth which occurs in non living objects.
36. (a)
Non-living things show extrinsic growth.
37. (d)
Increase in mass and increase in number are twin
characteristics of growth. Growth is defined as
increase in size and mass during the development
of an organism over a period of time. It is measured
as an increase in biomass and is associated with
cell division by mitosis, subsequent increases in cell
size, and with the differentiation of cells to perform
particular functions.
38. (d)
All the statements regarding nomenclature are
correct. Nomenclature is giving distinct scientific
names to various structures including living
organisms for their identification. It is a set of
rules used for forming the names or terms in a
particular field of arts or sciences. Nomenclature
is only possible when the organism is described
correctly and we know to what organisms the
name is attached to (called identification).
39. (b)
Ncert table 1.1
40. (a)
In plants, growth by cell division occurs
continuously throughout their life span.This
continuos growth in plant is axial (i.e., takes place
on two axes) and unique. Plant growth consists
of primary and secondary growth, on the basis of
time when it occurs.
41. (d)
Taxonomy play no role in protection of biodiversity
42. (d)
Order is a higher taxon and is the assemblage of
families having similar characteristics. However,
the common characteristic will be fewer than at
family or genus level. In mammals the common
orders are primates (monkey, gorilla and human),
carnivora, rodentia and cetacea (whale and
dolphin).
43. (d)
Species is the lowest category in taxonomic
hierarchy. Species is a group of animals, plants
or other living things that all share common
characteristics and that are all classified as alike
in some manner.
44. (a)
Order being a higher category is the assemblage
of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
The similar characters are less in number as
compared to different genera included in a family.
45. (b)
The rules of binomial nomenclature states that
1. All living organisms should have scientific name
consisting of two words, the first is the genus
and starts with a capital letter and the second is
the species, starting with a small letter.
2. All names should be in italics if typed or printed.
3. When handwritten, the two words of the
scientific name are separately underlined.
So the correct scientific name of wheat is
TriticumaestivumLinn.
46. (c)
Class of mango is dicotyledone.
47. (c)
Biological names are consist of generic name and
specific epithet
48. (a)
The living beings continuously interact with the
environment.Living beings also show continuous
progressive evolution to become more
advanced.Example, in the continuous exposure
to the antibiotics, bacteria develop antibiotic
resistance and become more evolved.Non living
things do not interact with the environment and
they do not evolve.
49. (b)
Replication of the genetic information causes
transfer of genetic information from one
generation to the next.
50. (a)
The first word denoting the genus starts with a
capital letter while the specific epithet starts with
a small letter.
51. (d)
All living organisms share certain unified and basic
characteristics including energy utilization, regulation
or homeostasis, growth, development, reproduction,
adaptation metabolism and interaction.
52. (a)
All cells arise from pre-existing cells by a process
of cell division. Cell division is the phenomenon
of production of daughter cell from parent cell. It
occurs continuously in plants and only up to a
certain age in animals.
53. (c)
In unicellular organisms, both growth and
reproduction are inclusive events as unicellular
organisms simply grow by cell division, in which
their population size also increases. Both the
features are exclusive in multicellular organisms.
54. (b)
When it comes to unicellular organisms like
bacteria, unicellular algae or Amoeba,
reproduction is synonymous with growth, i.e.,
increase in number of cells.
55. (a)
Non-living objects have characteristic growth called
extrinsic growth in which object grows after
accumulating substance over its surface. Living
organisms show intrinsic growth (i.e., grows from inside).
56. (b)
Reproduction ensures the continuity of the
species, generation after generation. Genetic
variations are created and inherited during
reproduction.
57. (d)
Fragmentation is asexual mode of reproduction
in which an organism is split into fragments. Each
of these fragments develops into mature, fully
grown individuals that are clones of the original
organism. The fungi, the filamentous algae and
the protonema of mosses all easily multiply by
fragmentation.
58. (a)
Catabolism – Breakdown of substances eg.,
Respiration
Anabolism – Formation of substances. eg.,
Photosynthesis.
Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism.
These are defining features of all life forms.
59. (c)
The term biodiversity is used for the variety and
variability among all forms of living organisms like
plants, animals, and micro-organisms present in
a given region under natural conditions.
Biodiversity can be defined as the totality of
genes, species and ecosystem of a region. India
is very rich in biodiversity.
60. (a)
ICBN (International Code for Botanical
Nomenclature) is one of the code of nomenclature
which is independent of zoological and
bacteriological nomenclature. The foundations of
ICBN was found in Philosophia Botanica, a book
written by C. Linnaeus.
61. (c)
Panthera and Felis belong to the family Felidae.
Plant families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae
are included in the order Polymoniales mainly
based on the floral characters.
62. (c)
Fungi shows fragmentation, budding, Planaria
truely regenerate during its life cycle.
Mossess shows fragmentation for propagation of
their progenies. Thallus tip, protonema fragments
and even rhizoids can grow into new moss thallus.
63. (a)
ICZN stands for International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature
64. (b)
A - IV; B - III; C - II; D - I
65. (a)
A - IV; B - III; C - II; D - I
66. (b)
Dogs, cats and animals represents taxa at
different levels
67. (b)
A - V; B - IV; C - II; D - I; E - III
68. (c)
A – III, B – I, C – IV, D – II.
69. (c)
The genus Datura with its nine species are a
group of poisonous plants, especially their seeds
and flowers. Being herbaceous leafy annuals and
short-lived perennials, their fruit are spiny
capsule that splits open when mature to release
numerous seeds. This plant is placed under the
family Solanaceae because it shows the
characteristics of a the family with a solitary
flower with five fused sepals and petals, superior
ovary with two fused carpels and obliquely
placed in the flower.
70. (d)
Human beings were, since long, not only
interested in knowing more about different kinds
of organisms and their diversities, but also the
relationships among them. This branch of study
was referred to as systematics. The word
systematics is derived from the Latin word
‘systema’ which means systematic arrangement
of organisms. Linnaeus used Systema Naturae
as the title of his publication.
71. (b)
Binomial nomenclature means that the scientific
name of any organism consist of a generic epithet
and a specific epithet. Binomial nomenclature was
developed by Linnaeus.
72. (c)
In printed scientific names, only the first letter of
genus is capitalized. Genus is an assembly of
related species which evolved from a common
ancestor and have certain common characters.
Eg, Solanum tuberosum and Solanum
melongena are two species which belongs to the
same genus of Solanum.
73. (d)
Taxonomic hierarchy is the sequence of
arrangements of taxonomic categories in a
descending order during the classification of
organisms. Each category of taxonomic hierarchy
refers to as a unit of classification.
74. (c)
Systematics, is the study of diversity of organisms,
their comparative and evolutionary relationships
on the basis of findings from various fields of
biology.
75. (a)
A taxon is a unit of classification. It includes a
taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family,
or class. Species is the lowest level of classification.
A kingdom is the highest level of classification.
76. (b)
Non-living objects also grow if we take increase
in body mass as a criterion for growth. Mountains,
boulders and sand mounds do grow. However, this
kind of growth exhibited by non-living objects is
by accumulation of material on the surface.
77. (c)
A family is a subdivision of an order consisting of
a group of related genera which in turn are
composed of groups of related species. Families
are characterized on the basis of vegetative and
reproductive parts of the plants species. Suffix
added in families of both plants and animals may
be –aceae or –ae.
78. (a)
The order generally ends with ales. Order being
a higher category is the assemblage of families
which exhibit a few similar characters.
79. (b)
Ncert table 1.1
80. (a)
Smaller organic molecules are used for the
production of the large complex molecules. The
process is an endergonic process in which the
energy is supplied which is required for the
formation of the new bonds in the larger
complexes. The energy is required when the small
amino acids are attached for the formation of
peptide bonds in proteins.
81. (b)
According to rules of binomial nomenclature,
correctly written scientific name of mango is
Mangifera indica Linn.
This system of nomenclature was given by
Carlous Linnaeus. The scientific name of mango
is given as Mangifera indica Linn. Mangifera
indicates the 'genus' while indica represents a
particular species or 'specific epithet' and Linn
indicates the Biologist Linnaeus who first
described the species of mango.
82. (a)
Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of
naming species of living things by giving each a
name composed of two parts, both of which use
Latin grammatical forms.