Design of Pressure vessels - 2 Video Lecture | Crash Course for GATE Chemical Engineering

FAQs on Design of Pressure vessels - 2 Video Lecture - Crash Course for GATE Chemical Engineering

1. What are the key design considerations for pressure vessels in chemical engineering?
Ans. The key design considerations for pressure vessels include material selection, pressure and temperature ratings, thickness calculations, corrosion allowance, and safety factors. It is essential to follow relevant codes and standards such as ASME Section VIII, which specifies requirements for design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of pressure vessels. Additionally, factors such as the type of service (e.g., storage, processing), environmental conditions, and potential for accidents must be assessed to ensure safety and reliability.
2. How is the thickness of a pressure vessel wall determined?
Ans. The thickness of a pressure vessel wall is determined using the formula derived from the hoop stress equation, which states that the wall thickness (t) must withstand the internal pressure (P) while considering material yield strength (S) and safety factors. The basic formula is t = (P × D) / (2 × S × E), where D is the inner diameter of the vessel and E is the joint efficiency. Calculations also include allowances for corrosion and other factors that may affect the integrity of the vessel over its service life.
3. What is the significance of the design codes and standards for pressure vessels?
Ans. Design codes and standards, such as those established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), provide essential guidelines for the safe and efficient design, fabrication, and inspection of pressure vessels. They ensure uniformity, quality, and safety in engineering practices, reducing the risk of failure and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. These standards cover material specifications, design methodologies, testing procedures, and documentation, which are critical for maintaining safety in industrial operations.
4. What types of materials are commonly used for constructing pressure vessels?
Ans. Common materials used for constructing pressure vessels include carbon steel, stainless steel, and various alloys. Carbon steel is widely used due to its strength and cost-effectiveness. Stainless steel is preferred for its corrosion resistance, especially in chemical processing applications. Other materials such as aluminum, titanium, and composite materials may also be utilized depending on specific requirements like weight, corrosion resistance, and temperature conditions. Selection of material is crucial for ensuring the longevity and safety of the vessel.
5. What is the role of safety valves in pressure vessels?
Ans. Safety valves play a critical role in pressure vessels by providing a means to relieve excess pressure that may build up within the vessel. They are designed to open automatically when the internal pressure exceeds a predetermined limit, thus preventing catastrophic failures such as explosions or ruptures. Proper sizing, selection, and maintenance of safety valves are essential to ensure they function effectively during emergency situations, thereby protecting both equipment and personnel from potential hazards.
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