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Dining Philosophers Problem & Its solutions, Operating System, CSE, GATE Video Lecture - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
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| 1. What is the Dining Philosophers Problem? |  |
Ans. The Dining Philosophers Problem is a classic synchronization problem in computer science. It represents a scenario where a number of philosophers sit at a table and alternate between thinking and eating. The problem arises when each philosopher needs two forks to eat, and there are limited forks available for them to share, leading to potential deadlock or starvation.
| 2. What are the possible solutions to the Dining Philosophers Problem? | |
Ans. There are several solutions to the Dining Philosophers Problem, including:
1. Resource Hierarchy Solution: Assign a unique identifier to each fork and enforce a strict order in which the philosophers can pick up the forks. This eliminates the possibility of a deadlock.
2. Arbitrator Solution: Introduce a central authority (an arbitrator) that controls the allocation of forks to the philosophers. The arbitrator ensures that each philosopher can acquire two forks before they can start eating.
3. Chandy/Misra Solution: Use additional signaling between the philosophers to prevent deadlock. Each philosopher sends a request for forks and waits for a reply. If a philosopher does not receive both forks, it releases the acquired forks and repeats the process.
| 3. What is deadlock in the context of the Dining Philosophers Problem? | |
Ans. Deadlock refers to a situation where all the philosophers are unable to progress, waiting indefinitely for the forks they need to eat. In the Dining Philosophers Problem, deadlock occurs when each philosopher picks up one fork and waits indefinitely for the second fork, which is held by another philosopher. Deadlock can lead to a system freeze, where no philosopher can proceed with their eating or thinking.
| 4. How does the Resource Hierarchy Solution prevent deadlock? | |
Ans. The Resource Hierarchy Solution in the Dining Philosophers Problem prevents deadlock by introducing a strict order in which the philosophers can pick up the forks. Each philosopher is assigned a unique identifier, and they are only allowed to pick up the forks in ascending order of these identifiers. This ensures that philosophers can never be in a situation where they are waiting for a fork that is held by a philosopher with a lower identifier. By enforcing this order, deadlock is eliminated.
| 5. How does the Chandy/Misra Solution prevent deadlock? | |
Ans. The Chandy/Misra Solution in the Dining Philosophers Problem prevents deadlock by introducing additional signaling between the philosophers. Each philosopher sends a request for forks and waits for a reply. If a philosopher does not receive both forks, it releases the acquired forks and repeats the process. This mechanism ensures that if deadlock is about to occur, one of the philosophers will release their acquired forks and break the deadlock. The Chandy/Misra Solution allows for a dynamic allocation of forks, preventing philosophers from waiting indefinitely and ensuring progress in the system.
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