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Electromeric Effect
It involves the complete transfer of electrons of a multiple bond to one of the bonded atom in presence of an electron attacking reagent. It is called the E effect.
This effect is temporary and takes place only in the presence of a reagent. As soon as the reagent is removed, the molecule reverts back to its original position.
Electromeric effect is of two types:
+E effect: If the electrons of the π-bond are transferred to that atom of the double bond to which the reagent gets finally attached, the effect is called +E effect.
For Ex: Addition of acids to alkenes
-E Effect : If the electrons of the double bond are transferred to an atom of the double bonds other than the one to which the reagent gets finally attached the effect is called -E Effect.
For Ex: Addition of Cyanide ion to the carbonyl group.
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FAQs on Electromeric Effect - Additional Study Material for JEE
| 1. What is the definition of the electromeric effect? |  |
Ans. The electromeric effect is a temporary polarization of a sigma bond in a molecule due to the attack of an electron-rich species. This effect leads to the formation of a new bond or the breaking of an existing bond.
| 2. How does the electromeric effect differ from the inductive effect? | |
Ans. The inductive effect involves the permanent polarization of a sigma bond in a molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between atoms. On the other hand, the electromeric effect is a temporary polarization caused by the attack of an electron-rich species.
| 3. What are the factors that influence the magnitude of the electromeric effect? | |
Ans. The magnitude of the electromeric effect is influenced by factors such as the nature of the attacking species, the nature of the sigma bond being attacked, and the stability of the resulting species formed after the polarization.
| 4. How does the electromeric effect affect the reactivity of a molecule? | |
Ans. The electromeric effect can significantly impact the reactivity of a molecule. When an electron-rich species attacks a sigma bond, it can lead to the formation of a new bond or the breaking of an existing bond. This can result in the formation of new reactive intermediates or the generation of a more stable product.
| 5. Can you provide an example of a reaction where the electromeric effect plays a crucial role? | |
Ans. One example of a reaction where the electromeric effect plays a crucial role is the addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl compounds. In this reaction, the attacking nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon, leading to the formation of a new bond and the formation of a new compound. The nucleophile's attack is facilitated by the temporary polarization of the sigma bond between the carbon and oxygen atoms, which is an example of the electromeric effect.
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