GRE Exam > GRE Videos > Chemistry for GRE Paper II > Electrophile and Free Radicals
Electrophile and Free Radicals Video Lecture | Chemistry for GRE Paper II
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FAQs on Electrophile and Free Radicals Video Lecture - Chemistry for GRE Paper II
| 1. What is an electrophile? |  |
Ans. An electrophile is a chemical species that is attracted to electron-rich areas and readily accepts a pair of electrons from a nucleophile. It is positively charged or has a partially positive charge, making it highly reactive towards electron-donating species.
| 2. How do electrophiles react with nucleophiles? | |
Ans. Electrophiles react with nucleophiles through a process called electrophilic substitution or addition reactions. In electrophilic substitution, the electrophile replaces an existing atom or group in the nucleophile, while in electrophilic addition, the electrophile adds itself to the nucleophile, forming a new compound.
| 3. What are free radicals? | |
Ans. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species that contain at least one unpaired electron. They are formed when a covalent bond breaks, leaving one of the atoms with an unpaired electron. Free radicals are known for their involvement in various chemical reactions, including chain reactions and oxidative stress.
| 4. How are free radicals formed? | |
Ans. Free radicals are formed through various processes, including exposure to ionizing radiation, metabolism of drugs or toxins, and enzymatic reactions in the body. They can also be generated by the presence of oxygen, such as in the case of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during normal metabolic processes.
| 5. What are the implications of electrophiles and free radicals in biology? | |
Ans. Electrophiles and free radicals play crucial roles in biology, both beneficial and harmful. They are involved in signaling pathways, immune responses, and defense mechanisms against pathogens. However, excessive production of free radicals or exposure to electrophiles can lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and various diseases, including cancer and aging. Understanding the behavior of electrophiles and free radicals is important in the development of therapeutic strategies and antioxidant therapies.
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Dec 23, 2024 Last updated |
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