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Examples On How to Find First & Follow in LL(1) - Top Down Parsing Video Lecture | Compiler Design - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

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1. What is LL(1) parsing in computer science engineering?

Ans. LL(1) parsing is a top-down parsing technique used in computer science engineering to analyze and process the syntax of a programming language. It stands for "Left-to-right, Leftmost derivation with 1 symbol Lookahead." It involves constructing a parse tree from the start symbol and matching the input string against the grammar rules, using a lookahead of one symbol.

2. How do you find the FIRST set in LL(1) parsing?

Ans. To find the FIRST set in LL(1) parsing, follow these steps: 1. If the symbol is a terminal, add it to the FIRST set. 2. If the symbol is a non-terminal, check its production rules: - If the non-terminal can derive a terminal, add that terminal to the FIRST set. - If the non-terminal can derive a non-terminal, add the first set of that non-terminal to the FIRST set. - Repeat this process until all production rules are covered.

3. What is the purpose of finding the FIRST set in LL(1) parsing?

Ans. The purpose of finding the FIRST set in LL(1) parsing is to determine the possible terminal symbols that can start a string derived from a non-terminal symbol. It helps in predicting which production rule to choose during parsing, based on the next input symbol. The FIRST set is used to construct the parsing table and ensures that the LL(1) grammar is unambiguous.

4. How do you find the FOLLOW set in LL(1) parsing?

Ans. To find the FOLLOW set in LL(1) parsing, follow these steps: 1. Initialize the FOLLOW set of the start symbol with the end-of-input marker ($). 2. For each non-terminal symbol, check its production rules: - If the non-terminal symbol is at the end of a production or followed by a terminal, add that terminal to its FOLLOW set. - If the non-terminal symbol is followed by a non-terminal, add the FIRST set of that non-terminal to its FOLLOW set. - If the non-terminal symbol is followed by a non-terminal that can derive epsilon, add the FOLLOW set of the left-hand side non-terminal to its FOLLOW set. - Repeat this process until no more changes occur in the FOLLOW sets.

5. Why is LL(1) parsing preferred in computer science engineering?

Ans. LL(1) parsing is preferred in computer science engineering for several reasons: - LL(1) grammars are easy to understand and implement compared to other parsing techniques. - LL(1) parsers can parse left-recursive grammars, which are common in programming languages. - LL(1) parsers are efficient and can be generated automatically from LL(1) grammars. - LL(1) parsing can handle a wide range of programming languages and is widely used in compiler design and syntax analysis. - LL(1) parsing can detect syntax errors early and provide meaningful error messages to programmers.

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Oct 01, 2025 Last updated

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