Examples: Statement and Assumptions | Logical Reasoning (LR) and Data Interpretation (DI) - CAT PDF Download

In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Q1: Statement: "To keep myself up-to-date, I always listen to 9.00 p.m. news on radio."- A candidate tells the interview board.
Assumptions:
I. The candidate does not read newspaper.
II. Recent news is broadcast only on radio.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Sol: The candidate listens to news on the radio does not mean that he does not read newspaper or that radio is the only source of recent news. So, neither I nor II is implicit.

Q2: Statement: The entire north India, including Delhi and the neighbouring states remained 'powerless' the whole day of 19th December as the northern grid supplying electricity to the seven states collapsed yet again.
Assumptions:
I. The northern grid had collapsed earlier.
II. The grid system of providing electricity to a group of states is an ineffective type of power supply system.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The statement mentions that the northern grid collapsed 'yet again'. This means that it had collapsed earlier also. So, I is implicit. Also, the statement talks of a particular fault in the system but does not condemn the grid system. So, II is not implicit.

Q3: Statement: Believe me, I have read it in newspaper X.
Assumptions:
Newspaper X gives reliable information/news.
I am reporting exactly as it is given in newspaper X.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: The narrator in the statement clearly insists on the reliability of the fact that what he said, he had read it in newspaper X, and not on the truth of what he said. So, only II is implicit

Q4: Statement: Highly brilliant and industrious students do not always excel in the written examination.
Assumptions:
I. The written examination is good mainly for mediocre students.
II. The brilliant and industrious students cannot always write good answers in the exam
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: II explains the fact given in the statement and so is implicit. Nothing about 'mediocre students' is mentioned in or can be deduced from the given statement. So, I is not implicit.

Q5: Statement: All the employees are notified that the organisation will provide transport facilities at half cost from the nearby railway station to the office except those who have been provided with travelling allowance.
Assumptions:
I. Most of the employees will travel by the office transport.
II. Those who are provided with travelling allowance will not read such notice.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The facility given by the office shall be an added privilege and many employees will avail of the same. So, I is implicit. Also, the statement 'All the employees are notified.....' implies that the notice is for all the employees. So, II is not implicit.

Q6: Statement: The government has decided to hold the employers responsible for deducting tax at source for all its employees.
Assumptions:
I. The employers may still not arrange to deduct tax at source for its employees.
II. The employees may not allow the employers to deduct tax at source.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Sol: Such decisions are implemented by the government as laws, which are binding on both the employers and the employees. So, neither I nor II is implicit.

Q7: Statement: I can take you quickly from Kanpur to Lucknow by my cab but then you must pay me double the normal charges,
Assumptions:
I. Normally, it will take more time to reach Lucknow from Kanpur.
II. People want to reach quickly but they will not pay extra money for it.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: Since the narrator asks for double charges to take the person quickly to Lucknow, it implies that normally it takes more time to reach Lucknow. So, I is implicit. Since one demands extra charges to reach the destination earlier than usual, the person in need would have to pay accordingly. So, II is not implicit.

Q8: Statement: "In the recently imposed war, global public opinion was dishonoured by the economically strong and scientifically advanced superpower."
Assumptions:
I. Superpowers need not take any heed of global public opinion.
II. Global public opinion must have been against the imposition of war.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: Since discard of public opinion has invited concern, it means that superpowers too are expected to heed public opinion. So, I is not implicit. Also, the statement mentions that war has been imposed and public opinion dishonoured. This implies that global public opinion was against the war. So, II is implicit.

Q9: Statement: How is it that the village is not shown in this so-called official map of this district?
Assumptions:
I. The official district map is expected to show all the villages of that district.
II. This is not an authentic and official map.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: The statement expresses a doubt at the non-depiction of the village in a map which was said to be an 'official' one. So, both I and II are implicit. 

Q10: Statement: No budgetary provision for the purpose of appointing additional faculty would be made in the context of institute's changed financial priorities.
Assumptions:
I. Appointment of faculty requires funds.
II. There are areas other than appointment of faculty which require more financial attention.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: The phrase 'budgetary provision for the purpose of appointing additional faculty' makes I implicit. Also, since no budgetary provision was provided for appointment of faculty in view of certain changed financial priorities, it means that some other issues require more financial attention. So, II is also implicit.

Q11: Statement: Science is a sort of news agency comparable in principle to other new agencies. But this news agency gives us information which is reliable to an extraordinary high degree due to elaborate techniques of verification and its capacity to survive centuries. So, science should be read with as much interest as we read news.
Assumptions:
I. Science encourages investigative spirit.
II. People read news out of interest.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (e)
Sol: The statement mentions that science is reliable as facts can be verified by investigation. So, I is implicit. II follows directly from the last sentence in the statement and so it is also implicit.

Q12: Statement: Deepak has a large collection of books and he keeps on purchasing new books to add to his collection.
Assumptions:
I. Deepak loves and cares for books.
II. Deepak has read each and every book that he has purchased.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: The statement clearly reflects Deepak's exceptional interest in books. So, I is implicit. However, how many books of his collection he has gone through, cannot be deduced from the statement. Thus, II is not implicit.

Q13: Statement: There has been a remarkable increase in the air traffic in India during the past few years.
Assumptions:
I. Travelling by air has become a status symbol now.
II. Large numbers of peoples are able to afford air travel now.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: The statement indicates that the number of people travelling by air has increased in the recent years. This clearly implies that large number of people can now afford air travel. So, only II is implicit.

Q14: Statement: A's advice to B - "If you want to study Accounts, join Institute Y."
Assumptions:
I. Institute Y provides good Accounts education.
II. B listens to As advice.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
Sol: Clearly, A advises B to join Y because it provides good Accounts education. So, I is implicit. It is not mentioned whether B listens to A's advice or not. So, II is not implicit.

Q15: Statement: It is through participative management policy alone that indiscipline in our industries can be contained and a quality of life ensured to the worker.
Assumptions:
I. Quality of life in our industries is better.
II. Indiscipline results in poor quality of life.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
(e) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
Sol: The statement mentions that participative management policy 'will' provide quality life to the workers. So, I is not implicit. Clearly, the statement mentions that participative management will contain the indiscipline and ensure quality life to workers. So, II is implicit.