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Biotechnology -Principle & Processes
Flash cards
Page 2


Biotechnology -Principle & Processes
Flash cards
Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products 
and processes useful to humans.
Page 3


Biotechnology -Principle & Processes
Flash cards
Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products 
and processes useful to humans.
The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given a
definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional
view and modern molecular biotechnology.
The definition given by EFB is as follows:
•
 
‘The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts
thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services’.
Page 4


Biotechnology -Principle & Processes
Flash cards
Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products 
and processes useful to humans.
The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given a
definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional
view and modern molecular biotechnology.
The definition given by EFB is as follows:
•
 
‘The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts
thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services’.
The techniques of genetic engineering include creation 
of recombinant DNA molecule, by use of gene cloning and 
gene transfer.
Page 5


Biotechnology -Principle & Processes
Flash cards
Biotechnology deals with techniques of using live 
organisms or enzymes from organisms to produce products 
and processes useful to humans.
The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given a
definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional
view and modern molecular biotechnology.
The definition given by EFB is as follows:
•
 
‘The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts
thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services’.
The techniques of genetic engineering include creation 
of recombinant DNA molecule, by use of gene cloning and 
gene transfer.
Making multiple identical copies of any template DNA is
called cloning.
•
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FAQs on Flashcards: Biotechnology - Principle & Processes - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What is biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology is a field of science that combines biology and technology to develop new products and processes. It involves the use of living organisms or their components to create or modify products, improve crops and livestock, develop new medicines, and solve environmental problems.
2. What are the principles of biotechnology?
Ans. The principles of biotechnology include genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning, and fermentation. These principles involve manipulating and modifying the genetic material of organisms to achieve desired traits or produce useful products.
3. How does genetic engineering work in biotechnology?
Ans. Genetic engineering is a technique used in biotechnology to modify the genetic material of organisms. It involves the insertion of specific genes into the DNA of an organism, resulting in the expression of new traits or the production of desired substances. This process can be used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with improved characteristics or to produce pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other valuable products.
4. What is the process of gene cloning in biotechnology?
Ans. Gene cloning is a technique used in biotechnology to produce multiple copies of a specific gene. It involves isolating the gene of interest, inserting it into a vector (such as a plasmid), and introducing the vector into a host organism. The host organism then replicates the vector and produces multiple copies of the gene. This technique is widely used in research, medicine, and industry.
5. How is fermentation used in biotechnology?
Ans. Fermentation is a process used in biotechnology to produce various products, such as ethanol, enzymes, and antibiotics. It involves the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeast, to convert organic substances into desired products through anaerobic metabolism. Fermentation is widely used in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production.
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