What is the average normal body temperature when measured orally?

98.6°F (36°C)

Which of the following methods does NOT contribute to heat loss from the body? A) Conduction B) Radiation C) Evaporation D) Metabolism

D) Metabolism

What is the primary physiological response of the body to extreme cold exposure?

Vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels

In which condition does frostbite typically occur?

When skin and underlying tissues freeze due to extreme cold

What is the classification of thermal injury that occurs due to prolonged exposure to cold, wet conditions?

Trench foot

Which of the following symptoms is associated with heat exhaustion? A) High fever B) Nausea C) Skin blistering D) Frostbite

B) Nausea

What physiological change occurs to blood vessels during hypothermia?

Vasoconstriction

What is the primary danger associated with heat hyperpyrexia?

Risk of brain damage and death at extreme temperatures

What mechanism leads to paradoxical undressing in hypothermia victims?

Vasodilatation due to fatigue of blood vessel muscles

What type of burns are caused by contact with hot liquids or steam?

Scalds

Which of the following is a characteristic of heat stroke? A) Intense sweating B) Normal body temperature C) Hot, dry skin D) Low heart rate

C) Hot, dry skin

What is the primary cause of death in burn victims within the first 48 hours?

Shock, coma, or asphyxia

Which condition is characterized by muscle cramps without an increase in body temperature?

Heat cramps

What is the term for the behavior where individuals with hypothermia feel an urge to remove clothing?

Paradoxical undressing

What is the typical body temperature threshold for hyperpyrexia?

Above 41.1°C (106°F)

Which type of burn can be classified as full thickness?

Burns that penetrate deep into the dermis and result in leathery texture

In the assessment of burns, what does the Rule of Nines help determine?

Extent of body surface area affected by burns

What is the primary factor that modifies the effects of cold exposure in individuals?

Age, with infants and the elderly being more vulnerable

What distinguishes antemortem burns from postmortem burns?

Presence of vital reactions like hyperemia in antemortem burns

What is the main treatment protocol for a patient experiencing heat stroke?

Rapid cooling and hydration

Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with heat cramps?

Loss of sodium and other electrolytes due to excessive sweating

What is the characteristic skin appearance in frostbite?

Mottled, discolored skin that may become hard and purple

What immediate postmortem change is observed in cases of hyperthermia?

Postmortem caloricity

Which type of injury results from exposure to corrosive chemicals?

Chemical burns

What psychological condition may lead elderly individuals to hide in cold environments?

'Hide-and-die syndrome'

What is the most common cause of hypothermia in outdoor environments?

Accidental exposure to cold temperatures

What type of burn is characterized by the presence of blisters and redness matching the object’s shape?

Antemortem burns from brief contact with hot objects

Which demographic is most vulnerable to heat-related illnesses?

Older adults and individuals with chronic health conditions

What is the effect of dehydration in hyperthermia victims?

Inhibition of sweating and rapid increase in core body temperature

What is a common complication arising from severe burns affecting the gastrointestinal tract?

Curling's ulcer