Electrochemistry focuses on generating electricity from ___ reactions and using electrical energy to drive ___ reactions.

Spontaneous; non-spontaneous

What are the two main types of electrochemical cells?

Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells and Electrolytic Cells

In a galvanic cell, the cathode is ___ with respect to the anode.

Positive

The flow of electrons in a galvanic cell is from the ___ to the ___.

Anode; cathode

What is the role of a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?

It allows ions to flow between half cells while keeping their solutions separate.

The Nernst equation relates cell potential to ___ and the ___ of the reaction.

Gibbs free energy; reaction quotient

True or False: In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the anode.

False; reduction occurs at the cathode.

Fill in the blank: The weight of a substance deposited at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the ___ passed through the solution.

Charge

What is the primary product at the cathode during the electrolysis of molten NaCl?

Sodium metal

What is the electrochemical equivalent (Z) in Faraday's first law of electrolysis?

The weight deposited by a 1-coulomb charge.

In a lead-acid battery, the positive plate is made of ___ and the negative plate is made of ___.

Lead dioxide; lead

True or False: Faraday's second law of electrolysis states that the weight of substances deposited is directly proportional to the charge passed.

True

What does the term 'electrolysis' refer to?

The decomposition of an electrolyte solution by electric current.

Riddle: I am an electrochemical device that can be recharged and used multiple times. What am I?

A secondary battery

What is a major limitation of fuel cells compared to traditional batteries?

Fuel cells require a continuous supply of reactants to generate electricity.

In the electrolysis of water, what is produced at the anode?

Oxygen gas

What is the function of the anode in an electrolytic cell?

It is the positively charged electrode where oxidation occurs.

What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy and electrode potential in electrochemical cells?

The relationship is given by the equation ΔG = -nFE, where ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, n is the number of moles of electrons transferred, F is Faraday's constant (approximately 96,500 C/mol), and E is the electromotive force (emf) of the cell. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction, which corresponds to a positive E.