What is the significance of force in changing the state of an object?

Force is significant because it can make a stationary object move, stop a moving object, change its direction, speed, and even alter its shape and size.

Fill in the blanks: A force can ___ a moving body and ___ the direction of a moving object.

Stop; change

True or False: According to ancient beliefs, objects in motion are considered to be in their 'natural state.' If false, explain why.

False. Ancient beliefs held that objects at rest were in their 'natural state,' while Galileo and Newton challenged this by redefining motion and its causes.

In a tug of war, when both teams apply equal and opposite forces, the forces are considered ___ forces.

Balanced forces

True or False: Unbalanced forces can change the motion of an object at rest.

True

If the resultant of applied forces is greater than zero, the forces are called ___ forces.

Unbalanced forces

What is Newton's First Law of Motion commonly referred to as?

The Law of Inertia

Fill in the blank: An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an ___ force.

External

True or False: According to Newton's First Law, an object at rest will change its state of rest without an external force acting on it.

False; an object at rest will remain at rest until an external force is applied.

The property of an object that causes it to resist changes in its state of motion or rest is called ___.

Inertia

The relationship between momentum, mass, and velocity is described by the equation ___ = mass × velocity.

Momentum (p)

True or False: A bullet can cause more harm than a larger object moving at the same speed due to its higher momentum.

True. The momentum of an object is directly proportional to both its mass and velocity, so a smaller object with high velocity can have significant momentum.

What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state about action and reaction forces?

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning that when one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first.