What is the primary distinction between the idiographic and nomothetic views of personality?

Idiographic vs. Nomothetic Views Explained

• Idiographic focuses on individual uniqueness.

• Nomothetic emphasizes group comparisons.

• Uses different methods for assessments.

Freud's tripartite theory of personality includes which three components?

The id, ego, and superego.

How do trait theories differ from state theories in understanding personality?

Trait theories focus on stable traits.

• Stable personality characteristics.

• Biological basis of traits.

• Influence of environment in states.

Fill in the blank: According to Freud, personality development is significantly influenced by experiences during ___ and the role of ___ in early childhood.

Specific psychosexual stages; parents

What role does the superego play in Freud's model of personality?

The superego incorporates societal values and morals learned from parents, acting as a conscience that can induce feelings of guilt.

True or False: Eysenck's personality theory is based solely on environmental factors.

False; Eysenck's theory is based on biological factors and emphasizes the interaction between genetics and environmental influences.

In Cattell's 16PF Trait Theory, what is the difference between source traits and surface traits?

Source traits influence behavior significantly.

• Source traits are hidden factors.

• Surface traits are observable actions.

• Source traits shape personality deeply.

Riddle: I am a dimension of personality that can determine if you are a thrill-seeker or prefer solitude, what am I?

Introversion/Extraversion.

What does Eysenck's dimension of neuroticism indicate about an individual's personality?

It reflects the reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, with high neuroticism indicating instability and emotional reactivity to stress.

Fill in the blank: Adorno's F-scale was designed to measure tendencies associated with an ___ personality.

Authoritarian

Explain how Freud's theory connects early childhood experiences to adult personality issues.

Freud posited that experiences during specific psychosexual stages shape personality, and unresolved conflicts can lead to issues in adulthood.

What approach did Eysenck use to identify personality traits in individuals?

He used factor analysis to group behaviors and identify dimensions of personality, such as Extraversion/Introversion and Neuroticism/Stability.

True or False: Cattell’s 16PF focuses on a limited number of traits to define personality.

False; Cattell argued for a broader range of traits to provide a comprehensive understanding of personality.

What is the significance of the diathesis-stress model in personality psychology?

Diathesis-stress model is significant.

• Links biology and environment.

• Explains personality variability.

• Highlights stress impact.

Riddle: I am the psychological theory that believes your personality is formed from both innate instincts and parental influences, who am I?

Freud.