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 Immunity 60 Flashcards |
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What type of immunity is present from birth and does not require prior exposure to an antigen? |
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Innate immunity |
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Which TLR recognizes lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria? |
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TLR-4 |
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What type of immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another? |
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Passive immunity |
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Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity? A) Phagocytes B) T-lymphocytes C) NK Cells D) Mast Cells |
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B) T-lymphocytes |
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What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune response? |
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To regulate immune responses |
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What is the role of secretory IgA in local immunity? |
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It mediates immune responses at mucosal surfaces. |
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Which acute phase reactant increases significantly during inflammation and serves as a marker for acute infection? |
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C-Reactive Protein (CRP) |
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence innate immunity? A) Age B) Gender C) Nutrition D) Specific pathogen exposure |
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D) Specific pathogen exposure |
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What type of immune response develops after the first exposure to a microbe? |
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Primary immune response |
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Which type of immunity is primarily induced by live vaccinations? |
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Local (or mucosal) immunity |
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What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) primarily involved in? |
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Recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) |
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Which type of TLR recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses? |
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TLR-3 |
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What is the normal level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in mg/dl? |
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Less than 0.2 mg/dl |
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What is the effect of positive acute phase reactants (APRs) during inflammation? |
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They increase in response to inflammation. |
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Which of the following is a component of the classical complement pathway? A) C1 B) IgA C) TLR-4 D) Interferon |
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A) C1 |
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What type of immunity is characterized by the development of antibodies in response to an antigen? |
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Active immunity |
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How does herd immunity contribute to public health? |
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It reduces the chances of an outbreak by ensuring a large portion of the community is immune. |
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What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells within the innate immune system? |
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To target and destroy infected or cancerous cells. |
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Which cytokine is primarily involved in the activation of T cells? |
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IL-2 |
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Which type of immune response is characterized by immunological memory? |
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Secondary immune response |
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What is the significance of the mannose-binding pathway in the immune response? |
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It enhances the immune response by opsonization. |
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Which acute phase reactant decreases during inflammation, signaling the liver to produce more positive APRs? |
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Transferrin |
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Which TLR recognizes single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses? |
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TLR-7 and TLR-8 |
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What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response? |
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They present antigens to T cells, activating the adaptive immune response. |
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How does active immunity differ from passive immunity? |
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Active immunity develops antibodies in response to an antigen, while passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies. |
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Which acute phase reactant is known for its role in sequestering metals like iron? |
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Metal binding proteins |
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What is the primary source of acute phase reactant proteins during inflammation? |
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The liver |
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Which vaccine type can induce local immunity? |
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Live vaccinations |
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Which type of immunity involves injecting immunologically competent T-lymphocytes? |
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Adoptive immunity |
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Which method is most widely used for detecting C-Reactive Protein (CRP)? |
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Latex agglutination test |
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