What is the primary legal classification of infanticide under Indian law?

Infanticide is categorized as homicide under Indian law.

Which method is used to estimate the intrauterine age (IUA) of a fetus according to Haase's formula?

For lengths up to 25 cm, the IUA is calculated by taking the square root of the length in centimeters.

Which factors contribute to the significant incidence of female infanticide in India?

Low status of women, preference for male children, and dowry practices across all caste groups.

In cases of suspected infanticide, what is the significance of determining whether a child is viable?

If the child is determined to be non-viable, the charge of infanticide is dropped.

What are the common methods of child killing identified in the text?

Head trauma, strangulation, and drowning.

Which of the following is a recognized factor in the rising rates of female foeticide in India? A) Increased literacy rates B) Societal biases C) Higher economic stability D) Greater gender equality

B) Societal biases

What is the typical age range for infants most affected by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?

SIDS most commonly affects infants aged between two weeks and six months.

Which signs are indicative of a live birth during a forensic examination?

The baby's cry, muscle twitching, and the presence of air in the lungs.

What is the ruling regarding the legal recognition of a fetus under Indian Penal Code Section 299?

A human fetus is not regarded as a human being in legal terms.

What is the primary cause of death for infants in cases of prolonged labor?

Fetal death due to maternal factors such as contracted pelvis or cephalopelvic disproportion.

Which of the following tests assesses whether a newborn's lungs have been aerated? A) Hydrostatic test B) Reflex Anal Dilation Test C) Pawlik's test D) Histological examination

A) Hydrostatic test

What is maceration in the context of fetal death?

Maceration is aseptic autolysis occurring after the fetus has died in the womb, characterized by soft, pliable body and skin changes.

What percentage of murders in the U.S. involved children killed by parents, according to the 1966 report?

One in twenty-two victims was a child killed by a parent.

What is the primary purpose of the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act in India?

To prohibit sex selection and regulate prenatal diagnostic procedures.

In the context of child abuse, what is a common psychological effect experienced by victims?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

What is the typical presentation of the lungs in a newborn that has not breathed after birth?

The unrespired lung has cuboidal epithelium lining the alveoli.

Which of the following factors is linked to a higher incidence of SIDS? A) Maternal smoking B) High socioeconomic status C) Advanced maternal age D) Overweight infants

A) Maternal smoking

What are the key elements assessed during an autopsy to determine the cause of a newborn's death?

Viability, time of survival, and cause and manner of death.

What is the primary aim of the hydrostatic test in forensic examinations?

To determine if the lungs of a newborn have been aerated, indicating live birth.

What are the common signs observed in abused children suffering from Battered Baby Syndrome?

Multiple injuries, severe localized bruises, and signs of neglect.

What condition often indicates that an infant has been smothered during sleep?

Overlaying, where the mother accidentally suffocates the infant.

Which of the following is not a recognized cause of death for newborns? A) Asphyxia B) Congenital anomalies C) Accidental drowning D) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

C) Accidental drowning

What are the primary reasons historically associated with infanticide?

Poverty and population control, particularly the killing of female infants.

In forensic assessments, what is the significance of Haase's rule in determining a fetus's age?

Haase's rule estimates intrauterine age (IUA) based on crown-heel length; for lengths up to 25 cm, it's the square root of the length in cm.

What is the typical legal classification of infanticide under Indian law?

Infanticide is categorized as homicide under Indian law, with no differentiation from crimes against adults.

Which of the following observations suggests that an infant was live-born? A) Presence of vernix caseosa B) Ear characteristics indicating air in the middle ear C) Rigor mortis D) Skin appearance greenish in color

B) Ear characteristics indicating air in the middle ear

What are common methods of killing associated with maternal filicide?

Strangulation and head trauma are the most common methods.

What effect does the presence of meconium in the intestine have regarding live birth?

Presence of meconium suggests the infant was born alive, typically passed within 24 to 28 hours after birth.

What are the grades of maceration for a stillborn fetus, and what does advanced maceration indicate?

Grades of maceration include none, slight, mild, moderate, and advanced; advanced maceration indicates significant time elapsed since death.

Which of the following is NOT a sign of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)? A) Cold-like symptoms before death B) Presence of petechial hemorrhages C) Excessive muscle activity D) Absent bladder and bowel contents

B) Presence of petechial hemorrhages