What is the primary mode of transmission for hantaviruses to humans?

Inhalation of particles from rodent droppings.

Which virus is known for causing hemorrhagic fever in South America and is categorized under New World arenaviruses?

Junin virus.

What are the two main types of viruses that cause African hemorrhagic fever?

Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus.

What is the incubation period range for Ebola virus disease?

2 to 12 days.

Which Ebola virus species was responsible for the 2014 outbreak?

Zaire type.

What is the primary treatment for Lassa fever?

Ribavirin.

What type of microscopy can help visualize Ebola virus particles?

Electron microscopy.

How do prions differ from conventional viruses?

Prions are protein-based infectious agents without nucleic acids.

Which type of coronaviruses primarily causes severe outbreaks in humans?

SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.

What is the mortality rate associated with MERS-CoV infections?

Approximately 30%.

Which diagnostic method can detect prion proteins in patients?

Conformation-dependent immunoassay.

What are the main clinical manifestations of Ebola virus disease?

Fever, headache, muscle pain, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and hemorrhaging.

Which rotavirus group is primarily responsible for severe diarrhea in humans?

Group A.

What is the typical incubation period for rotavirus infections?

1 to 3 days.

Which diagnostic technique is most sensitive for detecting rotavirus in stool samples?

RT-PCR.

What is the main feature of slow virus diseases?

Long incubation periods and neurodegenerative effects.

Which protein form is responsible for the pathogenic effects in prion diseases?

PrPSc.

Name the virus that first appeared in humans in 1976 and is associated with high fatality rates.

Ebola virus.

What is a common symptom of SARS infection?

Severe respiratory symptoms including cough and shortness of breath.

How is the Ebola virus primarily transmitted?

Through direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals.

What is the role of health care workers in the transmission of Ebola virus?

They are at higher risk due to exposure to infected patients.

Which method is used for typing rotaviruses based on their surface proteins?

Serotyping and genotyping.

What is the significance of the G1P[8] type of rotavirus?

It accounts for about 70% of rotavirus isolates worldwide.

What are the symptoms of MERS-CoV infection?

High fever, cough, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal issues.

Which virus has been linked to outbreaks with a mortality rate varying from 25% to 90%?

Ebola virus.

What are the primary components of the rotavirus structure?

Double-stranded RNA and a triple-layered capsid.

What is the typical approach for supportive care in rotavirus infections?

Rehydration to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

Which testing method can show typical filamentous viruses in specimens?

Electron microscopy.

What is the average length of the Ebolavirus?

Approximately 805 nm.

What is the primary complication associated with the rotavirus vaccine?

Intussusception.