What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis that helps it evade phagocytosis?

Capsular polysaccharide

Which serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis is primarily responsible for epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa?

Serogroup A

What type of organism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Gram-negative diplococcus

Which of the following virulence factors aids Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adhering to host tissues? A) IgA protease B) Pili C) Lipopolysaccharide D) Transferrin binding protein

B) Pili

What is the typical case fatality ratio of untreated meningococcal infections?

80%

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for meningococcal disease? A) High school attendance B) Travel to cold climates C) Overcrowding D) Personal hygiene

C) Overcrowding

What laboratory finding is indicative of bacterial meningitis in CSF analysis?

Increased protein and decreased glucose

Which vaccine is recommended for travelers going on the Hajj pilgrimage?

Polysaccharide vaccine covering groups A, C, Y, and W135

What is the most common symptom of gonorrhea in males?

Acute urethritis

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections? A) Penicillin is always effective B) Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice C) Azithromycin is used alone D) Oral treatment is not necessary

B) Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice

What is the primary mechanism of transmission for Neisseria meningitidis?

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

Which serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis is linked to hyperendemic disease in children?

Serogroup B

In the context of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, what does auxotyping refer to?

Classification based on the nutritional needs of the strains

What is the common laboratory culture media used for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Thayer-Martin media

Which of the following symptoms is associated with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome? A) Fever B) Purpura fulminans C) Joint pain D) Cough

B) Purpura fulminans

What are the common clinical manifestations of meningococcal infections?

Non-blanching rash, septicemia, pyogenic meningitis

What is the role of IgA1 protease in the pathogenicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

It breaks down mucosal IgA antibodies

Which factor is NOT associated with increased risk of meningococcal colonization? A) Overcrowding B) Smoking C) Viral infections D) High protein diet

D) High protein diet

What is the incubation period for gonorrhea in males?

2 to 7 days

What is the treatment of choice for carriers of Neisseria meningitidis?

Ceftriaxone

Which complication may arise from untreated gonorrhea in females?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following is a method of direct spread for meningococci to the meninges? A) Hematogenous spread B) Direct spread via olfactory nerve C) Ingestion D) Fecal-oral route

B) Direct spread via olfactory nerve

What is a key characteristic of Neisseria species in terms of their enzyme activity?

Catalase and oxidase positive

Which serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis is most commonly associated with sporadic cases?

Serogroup Y

What type of rash is typically seen in cases of meningococcal septicemia?

Non-blanching petechial or purpuric rash

What type of examination is most sensitive for diagnosing gonorrhea in males?

Gram staining of urethral discharge

What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis that aids in evading phagocytosis?

Capsular polysaccharide

Which serogroup of Neisseria meningitidis is most commonly associated with hyperendemic disease?

Serogroup B

In the context of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which protein is primarily responsible for adherence to host tissues?

Pili or fimbriae

What is the case fatality ratio for untreated meningococcal infections?

80%