Gautama Buddha was born into which group known for its warrior class?

Kshatriya

Fill in the blank: The Buddha achieved enlightenment under a ___ tree in Bodh Gaya, Bihar.

Bodhi

True or False: Buddha's main teaching is that fulfilling all desires leads to happiness.

False; Buddha taught that cravings and unfulfilled desires lead to suffering.

What does the term 'tanha' refer to in Buddha's teachings?

'Tanha' refers to 'thirst' or the insatiable cravings and desires that cause suffering.

Riddle: I am the result of your actions, whether good or bad, affecting you now and in the future. What am I?

Karma

What are the two concepts that thinkers of the Upanishads believed to be similar?

Atman (individual soul) and Brahman (universal soul)

Fill in the blank: The dialogues in the Upanishads often involve a teacher and a student, reflecting the meaning of the term 'Upanishad', which is '___'.

Approaching and sitting near

True or False: The Upanishads only included the thoughts of male thinkers, with no mention of women.

False. Women thinkers such as Gargi, Apala, Ghosha, and Maitreyi are mentioned.

Who was Satyakama Jabala, and why is he significant in the context of the Upanishads?

Satyakama Jabala was a slave who sought knowledge about reality and was taught by a Brahmin teacher, illustrating that learning was accessible to all, regardless of social status.

Riddle: I am a scholar who wrote rules for a language, using formulas like in Algebra, and my work is still important today. Who am I?

Panini, the grammarian

What significant contribution did Panini make during the time of Buddha?

He created a systematic grammar for Sanskrit, arranging sounds and writing language rules using around 3000 short formulas.

Fill in the blank: Most debates in the Upanishads did not allow the ___ to participate.

Poor

Explain the significance of Shankaracharya in relation to the Upanishads.

Shankaracharya was a famous thinker who contributed several essential ideas in the later part of the Upanishads, influencing philosophical thought.

Who was the last Tirthankara of Jainism, and what was his primary teaching?

The last Tirthankara of Jainism was Vardhamana Mahavira, and his primary teaching was the principle of 'ahimsa', which means non-violence and not harming living beings.

Mahavira attained enlightenment after how many years of hardship and loneliness?

Mahavira attained enlightenment after twelve years of hardship and loneliness.

Fill in the blank: The followers of Mahavira were called ___ and they led a simple life.

Jainas

In which language did Mahavira preach his teachings to ensure that ordinary people could understand?

Mahavira preached in Prakrit.

What significant geographical regions did Jainism spread to during Mahavira's time?

Jainism spread to regions such as Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.