Photosynthesis in plants primarily converts ___ and ___ into carbohydrates.

CO₂ (carbon dioxide) and H₂O (water)

True or False: The process of cellular respiration in plants occurs in the chloroplasts.

False; cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

Fill in the blank: Xylem is responsible for the transport of ___ from the roots to the leaves.

Water and minerals

What role do stomata play in plant excretion?

Stomata facilitate the expulsion of gaseous wastes such as O₂ and CO₂ from the plant.

Define nitrogen metabolism in plants and describe its importance.

Nitrogen metabolism is vital for plants.

• Involves ammonification processes.

• Critical for protein synthesis.

• Essential for plant growth.

True or False: Phloem is responsible for the transport of water in plants.

False; phloem transports food produced during photosynthesis.

Fill in the blank: The essential elements required for plant nutrition are categorized into macroelements and ___.

Microelements

Explain the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then converted into chemical energy for the synthesis of carbohydrates.

What is the function of transpiration in plants?

Transpiration helps in the uptake of water and minerals from the roots and regulates temperature by evaporative cooling.

Fill in the blank: The process of ___ involves the conversion of ammonium to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria.

Nitrification

Describe the impact of photoperiodism on flowering in plants.

Photoperiodism affects plant flowering. Light duration triggers blooms. Categories include long-day, short-day, and day-neutral plants. It is crucial for agricultural planning.

True or False: Xerophytes have adaptations that increase the rate of transpiration.

False; xerophytes have adaptations that reduce water loss.