What is the fatal dose range for aspirin ingestion?

5 to 10 grams.

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol in reducing fever?

Paracetamol inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, and fever.

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with aspirin overdose? A) Tinnitus B) Jaundice C) Vomiting D) Skin rash

B) Jaundice

What is the specific antidote for paracetamol poisoning?

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).

What is a common initial symptom of paracetamol overdose within the first 24 hours?

Nausea.

What are the postmortem findings typically associated with paracetamol toxicity?

Jaundice, petechial hemorrhages in the skin, and centrilobular hepatic necrosis.

Which of the following is a complication of paracetamol toxicity? A) Hepatic pain B) Hyperglycemia C) Hypertension D) Bradycardia

A) Hepatic pain

What is the role of glutathione in the metabolism of paracetamol?

Glutathione detoxifies the toxic by-product N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQ) formed during paracetamol metabolism.

What is the dose of N-acetyl cysteine administered intravenously for paracetamol poisoning?

300 mg/kg over 20 hours.

How does insulin function as a hypoglycemic agent?

Insulin lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.

What is the typical timeframe for death to occur due to massive insulin overdose?

Within a few hours.

Which of the following is a sign of severe liver damage due to paracetamol overdose? A) Hypotension B) Coma C) Bradycardia D) Fever

B) Coma

What can excessive doses of paracetamol lead to in terms of liver function?

Severe liver damage due to overwhelmed detoxification pathways.

What kind of edema is treated with mannitol in cases of paracetamol overdose?

Cerebral edema.

During which phase of paracetamol poisoning might a patient experience a false sense of recovery?

24 to 48 hours after ingestion.

Which class of drugs can cause fatal toxicity similar to paracetamol when overdosed? A) Stimulants B) Antidepressants C) Antibiotics D) Antihistamines

B) Antidepressants

What is a primary sign of insulin overdose?

Hypoglycemia.

What is a necessary step in postmortem analysis when insulin overdose is suspected?

Look for recent needle marks and collect blood samples.

What is the primary cause of acute kidney failure in aspirin overdose?

Low levels of clotting proteins and fluid overload.

What is the estimated fatal dose range for paracetamol?

10 to 25 grams.

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of hepatic encephalopathy due to paracetamol toxicity? A) Skin rash B) Confusion C) Anorexia D) Tinnitus

B) Confusion

What measures are essential for supportive care in paracetamol poisoning?

Intravenous electrolytes and rehydration.

What is the mechanism by which paracetamol causes liver injury during overdose?

Overproduction of NAPQ exceeds the detoxification capacity of glutathione.

What role does Vitamin K play in the treatment of paracetamol overdose?

It is administered to manage bleeding tendencies.

What is the significance of timing in collecting postmortem samples for insulin analysis?

Samples should be collected as soon as possible after death for accurate analysis.

What is the primary therapeutic use of paracetamol?

To relieve pain and reduce fever.

What is a common preparation of paracetamol sold in India?

Calpol.

Which of the following is a long-term consequence of severe hypoglycemia due to insulin overdose? A) Liver failure B) Brain damage C) Renal failure D) Cardiac arrest

B) Brain damage

What are the first signs of paracetamol toxicity observed within the first 24 hours?

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.

What type of drug is phenylbutazone classified as?

An analgesic.