What base values are primarily used in the subtraction method?

Powers of 10, such as 10, 100, 1000, and numbers like 0.01.

What is the key sutra for subtracting numbers close to a base?

All from 9 and the last from 10.

How is "All from 9 and the last from 10" applied to 1000 – 789?

Subtract 7 from 9 (2), 8 from 9 (1), 9 from 10 (1), yielding 211.

What does "One less than the one before" mean in subtraction from a multiple of a base?

Reduce the leading digit of the base multiple by 1 before applying the sutra to the subtrahend.

What is the result of 600 – 87 using the multiple-of-base method?

Reduce 6 to 5, apply sutra to 87 (8→1, 7→3), get 13, then 500 + 13 = 513.

In the context of the Sutra, what is the significance of adjusting zeros when performing subtraction?

Adjusting zeros ensures that the number of digits aligns correctly, facilitating accurate subtraction from base numbers.

What is the result of 9000 – 5432 using the base method?

Reduce 9 to 6, apply sutra to 432 (4→5, 3→6, 2→8), yielding 3568

What sutra is used for numbers close to a multiple of 10?

"By completion or non-completion," subtract from the nearest multiple and adjust.

Calculate 53 – 29 using the completion method.

Subtract 30 from 53 (23), add 1 (30 – 29 = 1), yielding 24.

Why is the sutra effective for numbers close to a base?

Finds the complement relative to the base, simplifying mental subtraction.